小麦离体花药中的雄核发育

观察了在离体培养的小麦花药中雄核发育的过程。一些单核花粉经过一次均等分裂成为两个细胞,它们继续分裂形成多细胞球。多细胞球进一步发育成为外形不规则的愈伤组织块。花粉愈伤组织中幼芽的发生不仅取决于所用的培养基,还与花粉愈伤组织的细胞的状态有关。在某些培养基上花药产生胚状体,然后长成幼苗。已检查的花粉植株的根尖细胞的染色体数均为21个,是单倍体。     

用单倍体育种法育成水稻新品种的研究

单倍体育种是一种多快好省的育种方法,它能控制杂种分离、加快育种速度、简化选育程序和提高选择效率,是育种工作上的一项重大技术革新,本文报道了运用单倍体育种技术培育水稻新品种的研究结果。我们用N_6或Miller’s培养基诱导花粉愈伤组织,并使其分化出单倍体和自然加倍的二倍体花粉植株,并用秋水仙素或富民隆使单倍体植株染色体加倍,来源于杂种的花粉植株当代表现多种多样,二代基本整齐一致,后代没有生活力减退现象,通过对花粉植株后代的选择鉴定,从中选出三个优良品系,并进行了广泛的区域性鉴定和生产示范,其中“单4”品系(命名为“单丰一号”)亩产1100斤左右,适于在松花江南部地区推广,文中还讨论了水稻单倍体育种技术和后代选育的有关问题。     

A STUDY ON TUMOR FORMATION OF SOYBEAN AND GENE TRANSFER

From 15 strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 7 were selected as the best inductors oftumors on soybean and 94 tumor formation genotypes were screened from 1553 varieties andforms of Glycine soja, G. gracilis and G. max. The frequency of tumor formation was 6%.The bacteria-free calluses were obtained. The data of biochemical analysis verify that someof the above-mentioned calluses contained nopaline. This means that Ti-plasmid of Agrobac-terium tumefaciens can be used as a vector for the transfer of nopaline, a marker gene, intogenome of several species of soybean. In the soybean genome the transferred nopaline genewas integrated and expressed. The transformed gene can be stably integrated in the soybeangenome through vegetative propagation.     

STUDY ON ACCUMULATION OF 11S AND 7S PROTEINS IN DEVELOPMENTAL SEED OF SOYBEAN BY MEANS OF IMMUNO-FLUORESCENCE

The accumulation courses of 11S and 7S proteins in the development seed of soybean were studied by means of immuno-fluorescence. Fifteen days after flowering, 7S proteins began to deposit and so did 11S proteins a little later. It was observed that 20—30 days after flowering, these two globulins or their precursor peptides had the tendency to transfer from tegument to the cotyledon. It was found that a few of the cotyledon cells in the mature seed did not accumulate 11S proteins, while in the high protein cultivar and high protein wild soybean all the cotyledon cells were filled with 11S proteins and other storage substances.     

大豆致瘤及基因转移研究

本文报道了致瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的15个菌系对大豆的致瘤作用,筛选出致瘤效果较好的7个菌系.从野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆的1553个品种和品系中筛选出94个结瘤品种和品系,占筛选总数的6%,并获得了无菌愈伤组织.经生化鉴定证明,上述愈伤组织中有一部分含有胭脂碱(nopaline),证明Ti质粒可以做为载体,把胭脂碱基因转移到野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆的基因组中去整合和表达,并稳定地保存在大豆基因组中。     

ESTABLISHMENT OF T-DNA-CONTAINING SOYBEAN CELL LINES

This paper reports establishment of stable diploid cell lines containing nopaline synthase genes from callus containing T-DNA after 65 generations of successive suspension cultures. The strain C_(58) Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used for tumor inducing on variety "Siyuchuang". The T-DNA-containing tissue was separated in auxin-free MS medium by strictly screening three times from single cells. The presence of nopaline was identified by paper electrophoresis. The T-DNA-containing polyploid soybean cell lines were obtained at the same time. The nopaline synthase genes from T-DNA were stably integrated and expressed in soybean genome, which can be used in gene engineering with soybean.     

利用免疫荧光法研究大豆种子发育过程中11S和7S蛋白的积累

本文利用免疫荧光法研究了种子发育过程中11S和7S两种球蛋白的积累过程。7S蛋白在子叶的沉积始于开花后15天,11S蛋白的沉积稍迟一些。开花后20—30天,这两种球蛋白增加非常迅速。观察到这两种蛋白或它们的类似物从珠被向子叶转运的趋势。还发现有的品种某些子叶细胞不积累11S蛋白,而在高蛋白品种和高蛋白野生大豆所有子叶细胞都充满11S蛋白和其它贮存物质。     

含T-DNA大豆细胞系的建立

本文报道了由致瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)C58菌株诱发的栽培大豆“四月黄”品种的瘤组织,经过无激素的MS培养基初步筛选和标记基因产物胭脂碱纸上电泳鉴定,筛选出含T-DNA的大豆愈伤组织。经过65代悬浮继代培养以及三次单细胞筛选,成功地获得了含T-DNA的稳定的大豆细胞系。同时还建立了一个含有T-DNA的多倍体细胞系。异源的T-DNA中的胭脂碱合成酶基因在大豆细胞基因组中稳定的整合和表达。为大豆的基因工程研究创造了良好的条件。