宽温度范围微型人眼安全激光器

报道了一种宽温度适应范围的微型化人眼安全激光器。采用中心波长940 nm的二极管作为泵浦源,Er3+/Yb3+共掺磷酸盐玻璃作为增益介质,Co2+: MgAl2O4作为被动调Q晶体,研究了微型激光器的结构和激光在宽温度范围下的输出特性。当泵浦能量9 mJ,重复频率10 Hz,泵浦脉宽5 ms时,获得了单脉冲能量130 J,脉宽5.5 ns,峰值功率大于20 kW的激光输出,光束质量因子为1.3。采用真空封装工艺,在－40~50 ℃温度范围内,自然冷却方式下激光器稳定输出,功率不稳定性波动小于5%。     

Research Progress of Lithium Plating on Graphite Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Lithium plating on graphite anode is triggered by harsh conditions of fast charge and low temperature, which significantly accelerates SOH (state of health) degradation and may cause safety issues of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). This paper has reviewed recent research progress of lithium plating on graphite anode. Firstly, we summarize the forming mechanisms of Li plating with corresponding influence factors, the detecting methods and hazard of Li plating. Then, approaches to suppress Li plating are discussed, including anode surface modification, electrolyte composition optimization and development of optimal charge strategies. Finally, we conclude and propose the remaining challenges and prospects in terms of mechanism research, detecting approaches, and suppressing methods of Li plating. This review highlights the development of Li plating research and plays a guiding rule of further study on Li plating in LIBs.     

Three dimension Liesegang rings of calcium hydrophosphate in gelatin

Three dimensional Liesegang spherical layers of CaHPO₄ in gelatin ball were performed by employing CaCl₂ and Na₂HPO₄ as the inner and outer electrolyte, respectively. Effects of concentrations of inner and outer electrolyte as well as pH on the morphologies of Liesegang rings (LRs) were investigated. As a result, it was observed that the time law, spacing law and width law found in 1D/2D gel systems were obeyed in this 3D gelatin system. The interaction of Ca²⁺ and HPO₄ ^2? with gelatin matrix played a key role to the formation of LRs due to the existence of carboxylic groups on the gelatin chains. Using Ca²⁺ as the inner electrolyte, LRs were prepared. However, employing HPO₄ ^2? as inner electrolyte, LRs were not obtained. Moreover, pH of gelatin solution greatly impacted on the formation of LRs. The number of LRs increased with the decrease of pH, whereas the width inversely decreased. pH 4.40 was a turn point, from which the spacing coefficient abruptly increased as pH increased. All these results indicated that the network was created by the interaction of Ca²⁺ and –COO^? of gelatin chains, which dominated the formation of CaHPO₄ LRs in gelatin.     

Biosynthesis of Indole Diterpene Lolitrems: Radical‐Induced Cyclization of an Epoxyalcohol Affording a Characteristic Lolitremane Skeleton

Lolitrems are tremorgenic indole diterpenes that exhibit a unique 5/6 bicyclic system of the indole moiety. Although genetic analysis has indicated that the prenyltransferase LtmE and the cytochrome P450 LtmJ are involved in the construction of this unique structure, the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. Herein, we report the reconstitution of the biosynthetic pathway for lolitrems employing a recently established genome‐editing technique for the expression host Aspergillus oryzae. Heterologous expression and bioconversion of the various intermediates revealed that LtmJ catalyzes multistep oxidation to furnish the lolitrem core. We also isolated the key reaction intermediate with an epoxyalcohol moiety. This observation allowed us to establish the mechanism of radical‐induced cyclization, which was firmly supported by density functional theory calculations and a model experiment with a synthetic analogue.     

三例基于5-(二甲基氨基)间苯二甲酸的锌(Ⅱ)/铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构、Hirshfeld表面分析和荧光性质

利用配体 5-(二甲基氨基)间苯二甲酸(H₂dia)和咪唑(mdz)分别与锌(Ⅱ)和铜(Ⅱ)金属盐反应,制备了 3 例过渡金属配合物[Zn(dia)(mdz)₂]·2H₂O (1)、[Cu(dia)(mdz)₂(DMF)] (2)和[Cu(dia)(mdz)₂]·H₂O (3)。利用单晶 X射线衍射、元素分析、红外光谱、热重和Hirshfeld表面分析对其进行了结构表征。结果表明配合物1和2为一维线状链,1中每个四配位的Zn(Ⅱ)处于变形四面体中心,2中Cu(Ⅱ)中心拥有五配位的三角双锥几何构型。改变合成溶剂条件得到锯齿形一维链状配合物3,其四配位Cu(Ⅱ)中心展现出对称平面四边形构型。上述结果说明,金属离子几何构型以及合成溶剂可能对配合物结构具有重要影响。丰富的分子间氢键帮助3例配合物形成稳定的三维超分子结构。热重分析表明,3例配合物均具有良好的热稳定性。固体荧光分析表明配合物1具有较强荧光性,而配合物2和3荧光强度均远低于配体。     

A Facile Reduction Procedure for Nitroarenes with Cp2TiCl2/Sm System

Nitroarenes can be reduced to the corresponding primary amines in good yields with Cp₂TiCl₂/Sm system under mild and neutral conditions.     

The mean-size dependence of the exchange narrowing in molecular J-aggregates

The effect of segment-size fluctuations on exchange narrowing in a molecular J-aggregate of site-energy disordered distributions is studied using a one-dimensional Frenkel-exciton model. It is found that the segment-size disorder leads to the width of the absorption spectra deviating from the scaling law, σ^4/3 of the site-energy disordered standard deviation σ, being suitable for the system only with the site-energy disorder. In larger σ, the segment-size disorder has little influence on the linear absorption spectra. With increasing segment mean-length, the absorption line width monotonically increases, and then approaches a saturated value. By comparing a system of larger mean-length segment with a smaller one, both with the same segment-size disorder, it is found that the absorption line width of the former is broadened, and the exchange narrowing effect is reduced. The present result shows that the correlation effect can be partially maintained for the system with larger mean-length segment.     

Experimental study on turbulent features in the negative transport region of asymmetric plane channel flow

Turbulent features of streamwise and vertical components of velocity in the negative transport region of asymmetric plane channel flow have been studied experimentally in details. Experiments show that turbulent fluctuations in negative transport region are suppressed, and their probability distributions are far from Gaussian. Besides, the skewness factors attain their negative maxima at the position of the maximum mean velocity, whereas the flatness factors attain their positive maxima at the same position. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19872043)     

明渠非定常水流的垂向结构实验研究

本文报告了明渠非定常水流垂向结构的实验研究,通过 LDV 激光测速,我们给出了非定常水流的速度削面,湍流度,Eulerian质量输运速度的垂向分布。实验结果表明:在非定常周期很长时非定常流动的速度剖面,湍流强度及其粗糙度的影响基本上与定常流动相一致,当非定常流动为纯往复流动时,存在一个逆时针方向的环流,这种环流有利于底部的质量输运。     

芳氨基硫脲类化合物的质谱研究（Ⅱ）

本文报道了五种新的芳氨基硫脲类化合物，即１－（４－溴－２－羧基苯基）－４－烷基氨基硫脲的电子轰击质谱（ＥＩＭＳ）。结果表明，该类化合物的分子离子峰（Ｍ＋）很弱，但却具有效强的［Ｍ－Ｈ］＋峰。分子离子的断裂以Ｎ－Ｎ键和Ｃ－Ｎ键的断裂为主，并伴随着六员环或四员环过渡态氢重排，生成相应的芳氨基正离子和芳肼基正离子，这两种离子继续失水或失其它小分子，从而形成一系列特征离子，包括骨架重排离子。