Structural and electrical properties of carbon-ion-implanted ultrananocrystalline diamond films

We investigate the structural and electrical properties of carbon-ion-implanted ultrananocrystalline diamond(UNCD)films. Impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the impedance of diamond grains is relatively stable, while that of grain boundaries(GBs)(R_b) significantly increases after the C~+ implantation, and decreases with the increase in the annealing temperature(T_a) from 650℃ to 1000℃. This implies that the C~+ implantation has a more significant impact on the conductivity of GBs. Conductive atomic force microscopy demonstrates that the number of conductive sites increases in GB regions at T_a above 900℃, owing to the formation of a nanographitic phase confirmed by high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy. Visible-light Raman spectra show that resistive trans-polyacetylene oligomers desorb from GBs at T_a above 900℃, which leads to lower R_b of samples annealed at 900 and 1000℃. With the increase in T_a to 1000℃, diamond grains become smaller with longer GBs modified by a more ordered nanographitic phase, supplying more conductive sites and leading to a lower R_b.     

流动注射光度法快速测定海水中的COD_(Mn)

采用流动注射光度法对海水化学需氧量(CODMn,高锰酸盐指数)进行快速测定。实验以KMnO4作氧化剂,淀粉-KI作显色剂,葡萄糖作标准物质;对流动注射分析流路进行了设计,优化了反应圈长度、反应温度、反应物浓度、进样量、泵速等实验条件;并通过自动加热装置对反应器进行在线加热;在最优条件下,测定方法的线性范围为0~6mg·L-1(实际需氧量),最低检出限为0.13mg·L-1,实际海水测定时加标回收率在96%~104%范围内,对1mg·L-1的COD标准溶液进行了11次连续测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.88%。该方法操作简单、方便、灵敏度高,用于海水实际样品分析时,其测定值与国标法测定值一致。     

Dynamics of scalar fields in an expanding/contracting cosmos at finite temperature

This study extends the investigation of quantum dissipative effects of a cosmological scalar field by taking into account cosmic expansion and contraction.Cheung,Drewes,Kang,and Kim calculated the effective action and quantum dissipative effects of a cosmological scalar field in a recent work,where analytical expressions for the effective potential and damping coefficient were presented using a simple scalar model with quartic interactions,and the work was conducted using Minkowski-space propagators in loop diagrams.In this work,we incorporate the Hubble expansion and contraction of the cosmic background and focus on the thermal dynamics of a scalar field in a regime where the effective potential changes slowly.Given that the Hubble parameter,H,attains a small but non-zero value,we carry out calculations to the first order in H.If we set H=0,all results match those in flat spacetime.Interestingly,we must integrate over the resonances,which in turn leads to an amplification of the effects of a non-zero H.This is an intriguing phenomenon,which cannot be uncovered in flat spacetime.The implications on particle creations in the early universe will be studied in a forthcoming study.     

多四旋翼无人机分布式固定时间自适应编队控制

针对具有外部扰动和参数不确定性的多四旋翼无人机,提出了基于指令滤波反步方法的分布式固定时间自适应编队控制算法.通过引入固定时间指令滤波及构建非光滑误差补偿机制,有效地避免了“复杂性爆炸”问题并在固定时间内移除了滤波误差的影响.此外,通过设计分段函数,巧妙地解决了分布式控制器中存在的奇异性问题.利用固定时间稳定性理论,严格证明了闭环系统是实际固定时间稳定的,且闭环系统中所有信号有界,同时编队跟踪误差在固定时间内收敛到原点附近充分小的邻域内.最后,仿真算例验证了所提出的分布式固定时间控制策略的有效性.     

荧光光谱法辨别丙二醇和二甘醇

以齐药二厂的假药事件为背景,对1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇和二甘醇的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了测量,实验结果证明光谱法不失为一种快捷有效的区分手段.在紫外吸收光谱中,可以通过最大吸光度的差异区分二甘醇和丙二醇;在一定紫外波长激励下,三种醇的荧光光谱特性均存在差异,以此可以对三种醇作出有效区分;在230nm激发下,将二甘醇和两种丙二醇分别混合,混合溶液的相对荧光强度均与两种丙二醇体积比呈线性反比关系,这在一定程度上证明了二甘醇的荧光量子效率大于两种丙二醇.     

高中数学课堂提问的七个误区

“提问”可能是生命力最为顽强的一种教学方法．早在公元前400多年前，古希腊苏格拉底所提出的以“提问”为核心的“产婆术”（又称为“问答式教学法”）就风靡欧州，成为西方启发式教学的开端．直到现在，提问依然是广大教师使用最为广泛的教学方法之一．     

集合问题的易错点剖析

集合部分的内容,由于其思想与方法均与初中所学知识有所不同,因此,这部分内容往往有很多同学会犯这样或那样的错误．下面我们举例剖析同学们最容易犯的几个错误．     

企业发展的多目标决策模糊优化模型

企业多目标决策优化是企业生产管理以及发展的一项非常重要的工作 .企业生产管理以及发展受多种因素影响 ,而且企业的多目标决策优化问题具有模糊性 ,本文将针对其模糊性 ,运用模糊数学理论进行研究 ,并给出具体应用实例 ,其结果令人满意 ,且具有较强的可靠性和实用性     

电测深确定最佳井位的数学模型及其应用

在电测深确定最佳井位过程中 ,本文运用模糊数学和灰色关联度理论建立确定最佳井位的数学模型 ,并通过实例验证了该数学模型的科学性和实用性     

大气环境质量评价的灰色模型

大气环境是一个包含未知信息的灰色系统，根据其灰色性．运用灰色系统理论可以克服目前一些环境质量评价方法（综合指数法、概率统计法、模糊综合评判法）的局限性，使评价结果更为科学和客观。