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将区间值模糊集和D[0,1]上的t-模(J)应用于格蕴涵代数的滤子理论,引入格蕴涵代数的区间值,(J)-模糊(关联、正关联)滤子的概念,给出了它们的等价刻画,研究了它们之间的关系. 相似文献
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清末四川基层书院正处于发展兴盛之期,就面临改革的命运。新政初期地方官对此大都观望敷衍,一些场镇还以为官府要倡兴书院。随后朝廷从变通书院转向舍弃书院方式,并用划一章程来规制办学。但遵章办事尚未形成习惯,对书院如何改办,地方上仍自有主张,且钦定、奏定章程从名词素语到办学方式几乎是全新事物,一些地方对改办学堂手足无措。科举将停罢的消息,在较大程度上推进了书院改办学堂,但一些地方要待到废科举后才真正认真落实。此后在官府的压力下,学堂更具形式,而民间总试图保留某些书院色彩。到筹备立宪阶段,一些地方甚至请求裁撤由书院改办而来的学堂。清末书院改办学堂,主要因外来标准成为庙堂上“正确”的准绳。这一改革过程,充满官府与民间的分歧,亦可从一个侧面揭示清末俗与制、上与下、新与旧之间关系的变化。 相似文献
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By taking a hollow sphere as a representative volume element (RVE), the macroscopic strain potentials of porous materials with power-law incompressible matrix are studied in this paper. According to the principles of the minimum potential energy in nonlinear elasticity and the variational procedure, static admissible stress fields and kinematic admissible displacement fields are constructed, and hence the upper and the lower bounds of the macroscopic strain potential are obtained. The bounds given in the present paper differ so slightly that they both provide perfect approximations of the exact strain potential of the studied porous materials. It is also found that the upper bound proposed by previous authors is much higher than the present one, and the lower bounds given by Cocks is much lower. Moreover, the present calculation is also compared with the variational lower bound of Ponte Castañeda for statistically isotropic porous materials. Finally, the validity of the hollow spherical RVE for the studied nonlinear porous material is discussed by the difference between the present numerical results and the Cocks bound. 相似文献
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针对二维语言变量在描述不确定性信息自由度方面的不足,将直觉模糊变量融合到二维语言变量中,提出二维语言直觉变量的概念。首先定义了二维直觉语言变量之间的运算和比较规则,在此基础上提出了二维语言直觉信息的集成算子,如加权算术平均、加权几何平均以及广义加权算术平均。其次,基于最优最劣方法(BWM)和信息熵建立了属性权重的计算模型,并将MARCOS方法拓展到二维直觉语言环境,提出了基于集成算子和MARCOS的模糊多属性群决策方法。最后,在实例分析中通过参数敏感性分析、可靠性分析以及对比分析验证了方法的有效性和科学性。 相似文献
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