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本文对近10年来出现的新型离子液体进行了分类综述,并对其发展前景提出了一些见解.     

自组装单层膜的制备与应用

本文综述了自组装单层膜制备及应用技术的最新发展,分别对有机硅烷/羟基化表面和硫醇/金两种重要的自组装单层膜体系的制备新技术以及在制膜技术和分子电子学等领域的最新应用进行了总结.     

Self-seeded FEL wavelength extension with high-gain harmonic generation

We study a self-seeded high-gain harmonic generation(HGHG) free-electron laser(FEL) scheme to extend the wavelength of a soft X-ray FEL. This scheme uses a regular self-seeding monochromator to generate a seed laser at the wavelength of 1.52 nm, followed by a HGHG configuration to produce coherent, narrow-bandwidth harmonic radiations at the GW level. The 2nd and 3rd harmonic radiation is investigated with start-to-end simulations.Detailed studies of the FEL performance and shot-to-shot fluctuations are presented.     

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）电池稳定性分析

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)要长期可靠运行,必须具有较高的稳定性。本文从SOFC内阻的主要来源出发,详细分析了影响电池长期稳定性、特别是引起性能衰减的主要因素,并研究其衰减机理。通过对电解质、阴极、阳极及连接材料等关键材料的选择及性能稳定性进行分析,系统论述了阴极与其它材料的相互反应、阳极性能变化以及连接材料表面氧化层等诸多引起SOFC性能衰减的不利因素。在氧化、还原气氛和密封效果等方面对电池长期稳定性的影响也进行了阐述。通过对电池性能衰减的原因及其衰减机理进行分析,对于SOFC长期运行稳定性、进而商业化应用具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

帕斯卡及其对物理学发展的贡献

 帕斯卡（１６２３－１６６２）是１７世纪法国著名的数学家及物理学家,在他短暂的一生当中,在多个不同领域取得了显著的科学研究成就,为科学事业的发展做出了贡献。 一、帕斯卡的主要科学活动 帕斯卡１６２３年６月１９日出生于法国的克勒蒙市,其父伊桑·帕斯卡是著名的数学家,其母也受过良好的教育,因此他从小就受到好的家庭环境熏陶。帕斯卡是一位早熟的数学家,从童年起他就表现出了超人的数学才能,１２岁时他开始学习欧几里德的几何学并据此创立了自己独特的几何体系。     

Systematic dependence of SFE*B(E2)↑ and ROTE*B(E2)↑on N_pN_n in the framework of shape fluctuation model

A systematic dependence of shape fluctuation energy product SFE * B(E2)↑ and rotational energy product ROTE * B(E2)↑ on the valence nucleon product Np Nn is carried out in the Z = 50-82,N = 82-126 major shell space.For the shape transitional nuclei,the product SFE*B(E2)↑ drops to zero and becomes negative,indicating direct dependence on N_pN_n.A relative rise,on the other hand,is observed in the product ROTE*B(E2) ↑plotted against N_pN_n for all the nuclei in Z = 50-82 and N = 82-126.In the N 104 region,large positive values of the product SFE * B(E2) ↑ are observed for the Pt nucleus,which indicates sphericity.A systematic study of the product SFE * B(E2)↑ and ROTE * B(E2) ↑ with atomic number Z is also discussed.The products SFE * B(E2) ↑and ROTE * B(E2) ↑ vary sharply with Z for the N = 88 isotones.We discuss here for the first time the correlation between SFE * B(E2) ↑ and ROTE * B(E2) ↑ with valence nucleon product N_pN_n.     

畅通无阻的流动——2003年诺贝尔物理学奖

 支配微观世界的量子物理学具有在我们普通的宏观世界一般不会出现的广泛而引人注目的效应。然而,在某些情况下,其中的量子现象却是可见的。2003年的诺贝尔物理学奖所奖励的工作就涉及到这样两种情况:即超导电性和超流性。阿列克谢·阿布里科索夫(AlexeiAbrikosov,俄罗斯和美国双重国籍。1928年生于前苏联的莫斯科,现年76岁。1951年在莫斯科的物理问题研究所获得物理学博士学位。美国伊利诺斯州阿贡国家实验室著名科学家。)和维塔利·金茨堡(VitalyGinzburg,俄罗斯人。1916年生于前苏联的莫斯科,现年88岁。     

SUSY effects in Higgs production at high energy e+e- colliders

Considering the constraints from collider experiments and dark matter detection, we investigate the SUSY effects in the Higgs production channels e⁺e^-→Zh at an e⁺e^- collider with a center-of-mass energy above 240 GeV and γγ→h→bb at a photon collider with a center-of-mass energy above 125 GeV. In the parameter space allowed by current experiments, we find that the SUSY corrections to e⁺e^-→Zh can reach a few percent and the production rate of γγ→h→bb can be enhanced by a factor of 1.2 over the SM prediction. We also calculate the exotic Higgs production e⁺e^-→Zh₁ in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model (NMSSM) (h is the SM-like Higgs, h₁ is the CP-even Higgs bosons which can be much lighter than h). We find that at a 250 GeV e⁺e^- collider the production rates of e⁺e^-→Zh₁ can reach 60 fb.     

Comparing dark matter models,modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity in accounting for galaxy rotation curves

We compare six models(including the baryonic model,two dark matter models,two modified Newtonian dynamics models and one modified gravity model) in accounting for galaxy rotation curves.For the dark matter models,we assume NFW profile and core-modified profile for the dark halo,respectively.For the modified Newtonian dynamics models,we discuss Milgrom's MOND theory with two different interpolation functions,the standard and the simple interpolation functions.For the modified gravity,we focus on Moffat's MSTG theory.We fit these models to the observed rotation curves of 9 high-surface brightness and 9 low-surface brightness galaxies.We apply the Bayesian Information Criterion and the Akaike Information Criterion to test the goodness-of-fit of each model.It is found that none of the six models can fit all the galaxy rotation curves well.Two galaxies can be best fitted by the baryonic model without involving nonluminous dark matter.MOND can fit the largest number of galaxies,and only one galaxy can be best fitted by the MSTG model.Core-modified model fits about half the LSB galaxies well,but no HSB galaxies,while the NFW model fits only a small fraction of HSB galaxies but no LSB galaxies.This may imply that the oversimplified NFW and core-modified profiles cannot model the postulated dark matter haloes well.