Thermochemical Properties and Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate Monohydrate

Ammonium magnesium phosphate monohydrate NH4MgPO4·H2O was prepared via solid state reaction at room temperature and characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. Thermochemical study was performed by an isoperibol solution calorimeter, non-isothermal measurement was used in a multivariate non-linear regression analysis to determine the kinetic reaction parameters. The results show that the molar enthalpy of reaction above is （28.795 ± 0.182） kJ/mol （298.15 K）, and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the title complex is （-2185.43 ± 13.80） kJ/mol （298.15 K）. Kinetics analysis shows that the second decomposition of NH4MgPO4·H2O acts as a double-step reaction： an nth-order reaction （Fn） with n=4.28, E1=147.35 kJ/mol, A1=3.63×10^13 s^-1 is followed by a second-order reaction （F2） with E2=212.71 kJ/mol, A2= 1.82 × 10^18 s^-1.     

Simultaneous determination of light rare earths in monazite sand by densitometry on thin-layer chromatograms

The determination of individual light rare-earth metals in monazite sand is described, based on TLC with a mixture of di-isopropyl ether, diethyl ether, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and nitric acid (8:8:0.4:0.07 v v ) as eluent. Linear densitometric calibration graphs are obtained for individual light rare-earths in the range 0.015-0.60 mug. The minimum detectable quantities of La. Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm are 9, 10, 20, 13 and 12 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the determination of La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm in monazite sand were 1.8, 1.1, 5.9, 1.9 and 6.5%, respectively. Results were in good agreement with those obtained by spectrophotometry.     

荧光猝灭法和动态光散射法研究1-丙醇和2-丙醇对水溶液中蛋白质构象的影响

应用荧光猝灭法和动态光散射技术测定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与荧光素在正丙醇-水和异丙醇-水混合溶剂中的相互作用距离和BSA的流体动力学半径, 研究正丙醇和异丙醇对水溶液中蛋白质构象的影响. 结果显示, 正丙醇-水和异丙醇-水混合溶剂中BSA与荧光素的相互作用距离和BSA的流体动力学半径随着正丙醇和异丙醇浓度的增加而先减小后增大, 表明低浓度的正丙醇和异丙醇有利于蛋白质形成紧密的构象, 而较高浓度的正丙醇和异丙醇则破坏蛋白质的紧密构象. 试验中观察到BSA与荧光素在正丙醇-水混合溶剂中的结合距离大于同浓度的异丙醇-水混合溶剂中的结合距离, 而BSA在前者的流体动力学半径小于后者, 说明无支链的正丙醇分子易于与蛋白质的疏水基团产生较强的疏水相互作用, 而带支链的异丙醇分子的疏水性较弱, 有利于与蛋白质分子的亲水基团相互作用而积聚在蛋白质表面.     

α-蒎烯+对伞花烃和β-蒎烯+对伞花烃二元体系超额焓的测定

采用BT2.15型Calvet微量量热计常压下测定了α-蒎烯+对伞花烃和β-蒎烯+对伞花烃两个二元体系在298.15 K、308.15 K及318.15 K下的超额焓. 实验数据采用Redlich-Kister方程进行关联, 标准偏差较小. 该两个二元体系的超额焓在全浓度范围内均为正值, 其最大值在摩尔分数x1=0.5附近. 温度对超额焓有一定的影响, 超额焓随温度的升高而增大. 相同温度下, α-蒎烯+对伞花烃体系的超额焓比β-蒎烯+对伞花烃体系的大.     

固相反应合成LiCoPO4中间体的反应动力学

以磷酸二氢铵、醋酸钴和氢氧化锂为原料, 用低温固相反应合成含Li⁺的NH₄CoPO₄前驱体, 再经过高温焙烧合成LiCoPO₄粉体. 应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)等技术对合成产物进行表征. 结果表明: 焙烧气氛影响中间体的生成, 含Li⁺的前驱体NH₄CoPO₄在210-500 °C的空气中发生脱水脱氨反应, 制备过程存在“酸碱共同体”的中间体(CoHPO₄·LiCoPO₄·Co₂(OH)PO₄·Li₃PO₄). 中间体生成反应遵循界面反应幂律机理, 表观活化能约50.0 kJ?mol^-1, 过程机理函数为g(x)=(1-α)^-1. 中间体继续脱水反应生成LiCoPO₄, 平均表观活化能约为54.2 kJ?mol^-1. 物系非晶化和晶化过程对中间体的存在没有直接的影响, 高温对中间体的分解产物LiCoPO₄和LiCoPO₄的晶体生长有利, 在550 °C以上温度中间体可分解得到完整的LiCoPO₄晶体.     

LC/MS guided isolation of alkaloids from lotus leaves by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography

The traditional methods used in natural product separation primarily target the major components and the minor components may thus be lost during the separation procedure. Consequently, it's necessary to develop efficient methods for the preparative separation and purification of relatively minor bioactive components. In this paper, a LC/MS method was applied to guide the separation of crude extract of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves whereby a minor component was identified in the LC/MS analysis. Afterwards, an optimized pH-zone-refining CCC method was performed to isolate this product, identified as N-demethylarmepavine. The separation procedure was carried out with a biphasic solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-methyl alcohol-water (1:6:1:6, v/v) with triethylamine (10 mM) added to the upper organic phase as a retainer and hydrochloric acid (5 mM) to the aqueous mobile phase eluent. Two structurally similar compounds--nuciferine and roemerine--were also obtained from the crude lotus leaves extract. In total 500 mg of crude extract furnished 7.4 mg of N-demethylarmepavine, 45.3 mg of nuciferine and 26.6 mg of roemerine with purities of 90%, 92% and 96%, respectively. Their structures were further identified by HPLC/ESI-MSn, FTICR/MS and the comparison with reference compounds.     

气氛对MnCr2O4尖晶石纳米线生长的影响

建立了一种在氮气和氢气的还原性混合气氛和1100 ℃条件下加热商业不锈钢箔(304)制备MnCr2O4尖晶石纳米线的简单方法, 并研究了不同气氛对纳米线生长的影响. 研究发现, 混合气体中氢气含量的变化会影响纳米线的形貌和产率; 而氧化性气氛(如空气)下则得不到纳米线. 在还原性气氛下, Mn和Cr原子可以和反应室内残留的痕量氧反应生成MnCr2O4尖晶石, 而Fe和Ni原子不能被氧化, 但是Fe和Ni可以起到催化纳米线生长的作用, 纳米线的生长机理属于自催化性的气-液-固(VLS)机制.     

Spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum in steels with o-nitrophenylfluorone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

A method has been developed for determining microamounts of molybdenum(VI) in aqueous solution by means of the Mo-o-nitrophenylfluorone—cetyltrimethylammonium bromide system, in which micellar solubilization is applied. A red complex is formed in 0.2–0.6M hydrochloric acid medium. The sensitivity of the method is high, and the apparent molar absorptivity is 1.55 × 10⁵ l.mole⁻¹. cm⁻¹. The absorption peak of the complex appears at 530 nm. The colour of the complex develops quickly and is stable for more than 24 hr. The composition of the complex is Mo: o-NPF = 1:1, and the system obeys Beer's law in the range 0–10 μg of Mo per 25 ml. The method has been used for the rapid determination of molybdenum in alloy steels with satisfactory results.     

由L-J流体的FMSA状态方程计算流体的PVT性质

运用Tang等提出的Lennard-Jones (L-J)流体两参数的一阶平均球形近似(FMSA)状态方程, 计算了流体的汽液共存相图和饱和蒸汽压曲线, 以及非饱和区的PVT性质, 并与文献数据进行比较. L-J参数由Tr＜0.95的汽液相共存数据回归得到. 计算结果表明, 对于分子较接近球形的流体, 除临界点附近外, 该方程可以在较大的温度和压力范围内计算真实流体的PVT性质, 结果满意. 对于球形分子, 该方程的精确度随分子尺寸的变大基本保持稳定. 该方程不适用于强极性物质. 在高密度区, 该方程的计算结果明显优于P-R方程. 对于分子偏离球形较远的流体, 该方程的适用性变差, 此时要考虑分子形状的影响, 可采用三参数的FMSA状态方程进行计算.     

酯化反应精馏体系的相平衡计算

１前言由于反应精馏过程需同时遵循质量作用定律和分离原理,过程影响因素复杂,用数学模拟的方法对其过程进行研究己成为一种重要的方法。为求解模型方程必然涉及到一些基础数据的计算,如求解平衡级模型ＭＥＳＨＲｎｇ组（物料衡算Ｍ方程、热量衡算Ｈ方程、相平衡Ｅ方程、组分归一Ｓ方程及反应动力学Ｒ方程）的过程中,会遇到相平衡常数、烩值等热力学性质的计算;在求解非平衡级模型ＭＥＲＱｉｅ组（物料衡算Ｍ方程、热量衡算ＥＡＮ。传递速率Ｒ方程吸界面相平衡Ｑ方程）的过程中,会遇到传质系数、传热系数、有效相界面积等传递性质的计…