IGCC空气侧整体综合优化的研究

主要符号表X。。氮气回注系数如空分整体化系数E。；c燃气轮机压气机效率G。l回注氮气流量万燃气轮机透平前温尼。”系统相对效率G。。煤气氮气掺混流量Ea；，c空气专用压缩机效率N。”系统相对功率1前言整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）系统模拟与优化逐步受到重视，开展了许多相关研究［‘－‘］。但是，现有的方法［‘，‘］一个突出的问题，它是在设定的具体流程方案下的数值分析，这常常导致落入“局部优化掩盖了整体最优”的误区。本文是研究以空分系统为中心的空气侧子系统的整体优化，阐述基本概念，尝试新方法，并结合大型商业化装…     

Ionic Liquids as Precursors for Efficient Mesoporous Iron‐Nitrogen‐Doped Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts

A ferrocene‐based ionic liquid (Fe‐IL) is used as a metal‐containing feedstock with a nitrogen‐enriched ionic liquid (N‐IL) as a compatible nitrogen content modulator to prepare a novel type of non‐precious‐metal–nitrogen–carbon (M‐N‐C) catalysts, which feature ordered mesoporous structure consisting of uniform iron oxide nanoparticles embedded into N‐enriched carbons. The catalyst Fe¹⁰@NOMC exhibits comparable catalytic activity but superior long‐term stability to 20 wt % Pt/C for ORR with four‐electron transfer pathway under alkaline conditions. Such outstanding catalytic performance is ascribed to the populated Fe (Fe₃O₄) and N (N2) active sites with synergetic chemical coupling as well as the ordered mesoporous structure and high surface area endowed by both the versatile precursors and the synthetic strategy, which also open new avenues for the development of M‐N‐C catalytic materials.     

检测/校准实验室仪器设备及标准物质期间核查实施方法

对检测/校准实验室仪器设备及标准物质期间核查的具体实施进行了讨论,重点介绍编写期间核查作业指导书需明确的内容,包括明确核查对象、确定核查项目、选择核查方法、规定核查间隔、获取核查判据及如何判定对核查不合格的处置.指出既能利用期间核查确保仪器设备及标准物质的可靠性,又不浪费人力物力的措施.     

Experimental Observations of Constricted and Diffuse Anode Attachment in a Magnetically Rotating Arc at Atmospheric Pressure

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - At atmospheric pressure, the anode attachment can appear in two different modes: constricted and diffuse. In this paper, a magnetically rotating arc plasma...     

An amino trimethylene phosphonic acid-based chelated boric acid complex that works as a synergistic flame retardant for enhancing the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics

The chelating ligands of boric acid and amino trimethyl phosphonate prepared a novel flame retardant (BAP) for the cotton fabric. A stable chemical and coordination bond was formed on the surface of the cotton fibers by a simple three-curing finishing process to make the fabric exhibits excellent durable flame retardancy. Cotton fabrics' tensile strength and whiteness got substantially retained after BAP treatment. 90 g/L BAP-treated samples (3 curing times, 50 laundry cycles) showed good flame retardancy and durability, holding the largest limit oxygen index, 29.7%, and the shortest damage length, 61 mm. A condensed phase and gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism was concluded by thermogravimetric, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric infrared analysis.     

Manganese-Catalyzed Hydrogenative Desulfurization of Thioamides

Earth-abundant transition metal catalysis has emerged as an important alternative to noble transition metal catalysis in hydrogenation reactions. However, there has been no Earth-abundant transition metal catalyzed hydrogenation of thioamides reported so far, presumably due to the poisoning of catalysts by sulfur-containing molecules. Herein, we described the first manganese-catalyzed hydrogenative desulfurization of thioamides to amines or imines. The key to success is the use of MnBr(CO)₅ instead of commonly-employed pincer-manganese catalysts, together with simple NEt₃ and CuBr. This protocol features excellent selectivity on sole cleavage of the C=S bond of thioamides, in contrast to the only known Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation of thioamides, and unprecedented chemo-selectivity tolerating vulnerable functional groups such as nitrile, ketone, aldehyde, ester, sulfone, nitro, olefin, alkyne and heterocycle, which are usually susceptible to common hydride-type reductive protocols.     

新一代核能布雷顿闭式循环热力学分析研究

核能利用是２０世纪最激动人心的科学成就之一。核能和平利用的重点在核能发电,至今核电站反应堆多为低温水冷堆,采用水或重水作为冷却剂和慢化剂,堆出口载热工质温度较低（２８０“Ｃ～３４０“ｑ,因而多应用常规的Ｒａｎｋｉｎｅ蒸汽热力循环,热转功的效率较低（２８％～３３％）。９０年代以来,随着工业和航空燃气轮机技术长足进步和高温核反应堆的进展,核能布雷顿闭式循环（ＮＥＢＣＣ）展现出提高性能的潜力和发展前景,受到普遍关注。近期提出的模块化高温气冷堆氦气轮机（ＭＨＲ－－ＧＴ）［‘－‘］就是应用ＮＥＢＣＣ的典型…     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析焦化柴油中饱和烃的分子组成

建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析柴油馏分中饱和烃的分子组成的方法。结合谱库检索、质谱图解析、沸点与分子结构关系和全二维谱图特征,定性(或归类)了焦化柴油饱和烃组分中1057个化合物单体,其中正构烷烃排列规律性最强,一环~三环环烷烃按照极性和沸点的差异呈瓦片状分布在其上方。另外,还准确区分了在一维气相色谱上共流出的正构烷基环己烷和正构烷基环戊烷,以及正构 α 单烯烃。根据质谱采集的总离子流色谱图,采用峰面积归一化法得到了饱和烃组分的碳数分布结果,并将该方法应用于研究不同类型柴油馏分饱和烃的分子组成特点。结果表明,催化裂化和焦化柴油馏分饱和烃组分的化合物类型和分布各不相同。分子组成分析能为油品加工工艺机理的研究提供方法支持。     

石油中间馏分中异构烷烃的分子识别

以石油加氢异构中间馏分及直馏柴油为研究对象,采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术对异构烷烃的分子形态进行了研究。实验表明各碳数异构烷烃组分在毛细管气相色谱柱上表现出明显的按取代基个数簇分离的现象。对异构烷烃的异构程度进行了表征,得到不同取代基个数的异构烷烃的保留指数(RI)定性表;同时根据化合物的质谱断裂规律,参考文献数据并结合碳数及沸点规律,对73种甲基取代的异构烷烃及10种生物标记的化合物单体进行了结构定性,并计算了保留指数。为在分子水平上认识航空煤油及柴油等石油中间馏分中的异构烷烃提供了基础。定性结果表明:在研究的加氢异构中间馏分中,异构烷烃主要由单取代基和二取代基的异构烷烃组成;而在直馏柴油中,单取代基异构烷烃和类异戊二烯类生物标记化合物丰度较高。     

Phosphorylation of ERK-Dependent NF-κB Triggers NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediated by Vimentin in EV71-Infected Glioblastoma Cells

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a dominant pathogenic agent that may cause severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases among infants and young children in the Asia-pacific. The inflammasome is closely implicated in EV71-induced CNS injuries through a series of signaling pathways. However, the activation pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome involved in EV71-mediated CNS injuries remains poorly defined. In the studies, EV71 infection, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and activation of NLRP3 are abolished in glioblastoma cells with low vimentin expression by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown. PD098059, an inhibitor of p-ERK, remarkably blocks the vimentin-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in EV71-infected cells. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 is dependent on p-ERK in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, NLRP3 activation and caspase-1 production are limited in EV71-infected cells upon the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) administration, an inhibitor of NF-κB, which contributes to the inflammasome regulation. In conclusion, these results suggest that EV71-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated via the VIM-ERK-NF-κB pathway, and the treatment of the dephosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB inhibitors is beneficial to host defense in EV71-infected CNS.