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1.
František Toman Ludvík Beneš 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2007,59(3-4):231-236
Differential molar adsorption enthalpies (DMAE) were determined by gas chromatographic measurements of specific retention
volume of vapors on the surface of two forms of Mg–Al hydrotalcite. A linear dependence of the DMAE on the number of the carbon
atoms in hydrocarbons was observed for both form of hydrotalcite. The dependence of the differential molar adsorption enthalpies
on the number of chlorine atoms in organic molecules is discussed. A linear dependence of DMAE on the molecular weight of
chloroderivatives of methane and ethylene on the basic form in an order monochloromethane < dichloromethane < trichloromethane
or vinylidene chloride < 1,1-dichloroethylene < trichloroethylene was found. 相似文献
2.
Spectra of isobutylene with SnCl4 were studied at the temperature of 113°K in the dark and under illumination. Radical-cations of isobutylene are formed by irradiation of the isobutylene–SnCl4 mixture in n-heptane substantially more slowly than in the isobutylene–TiCl4 mixture. Polymerization of isobutylene occurs after increasing the temperature up to the melting point of this mixture. The yield of polymer depends on the duration of preirradiation, while the molecular weight of polyisobutylene (M η) does not depend on the preirradiation of reaction mixture. 相似文献
3.
The application of convolution potential voltammetry to questions of metal complexation is described. Theoretical relations are derived to show that the stability constants may be directly related to the shift in the peak potential of the semiderivative wave, provided the complexes are labile. Equations are also given for inert and quasilabile complexes. Stability constants for the PbClx and CdClx systems are reported, illustrating the use of convolution techniques with linear scan voltammetry and with linear scan anodic stripping voltammetry. Advantages of convolution techniques are discussed. 相似文献
4.
M. Marek L. Toman J. Pila 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1975,13(7):1565-1573
ESR spectra of Lewis acids (VCl4, TiCl4, TiBr4, SnCl4, and AlBr3) and their mixtures with isobutylene were investigated in a n-heptane solution in the dark and under irradiation at 400–480 nm at ?80 to ?150°C. A signal was observed only upon irradiating mixtures of VCl4, TiCl4, or TiBr4 and isobutylene. The signal was identified as an isobutylene radical-cation by comparison with a simulated spectrum. A signal indicating the presence of peroxy radicals were recorded in measurements carried out in the presence of oxygen; these radicals originated from reaction of the isobutylene radical-cation with oxygen. Radical-cation initiation by visible light is indicated by the polymerization of isobutylene by VCl4, TiCl4, and TiBr4 and by ESR spectra. The inhibiting effect of oxygen in photochemically initiated polymerization of isobutylene was also elucidated. 相似文献
5.
The polymerization of isobutylene with VCl4 in n-heptane or in the bulk does not proceed in the dark at temperatures lower than -20°C, yet it may be induced by the addition of styrene, α-methylstyrene, p-divinylbenzene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. In these cases the polymerizations proceed with variously long induction periods depending on the type of comonomer used. The shortest induction period was observed after the addition of p-divinylbenzene and 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene. In a nonpolar medium the copolymerization of isobutylene with isoprene or butadiene in the dark gives rise to copolymers insoluble in heptane, benzene, and CCl4, while co-polymers formed with the effect of light are soluble. Unlike polymerizations carried out in a nonpolar solution, the polymerization of isobutylene with VCl4 in methyl chloride proceeds spontaneously in the absence of protonic coinitiators. Also, soluble copolymers of isobutylene with isoprene or butadiene arise in the copolymerization in methylchloride solution irrespective of the procedure used when the copolymerization is carried out (in the dark or with the effect of light). Polymerizations and copolymerizations carried out both in nonpolar and in polar solutions are inhibited by the presence of oxygen. 相似文献
6.
E. Makrlík P. Toman P. Vaňura R. Rathore 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,296(2):775-779
In methods for quantification of 63Ni, in e.g. reactor coolant water, a chemical separation is required due to 63Ni being a pure beta emitter with limited means of quantification. 60Co, a common radionuclide in reactor coolant water, is not completely separated with the commonly used separation procedure, and it is not resolved from 63Ni in the beta spectrum. The separation method discussed in this work consists of TRU resin (Eichrom) and Ni resin (Eichrom). After running the separation procedure, depending on the initial activity of 60Co, there may still remain enough 60Co to interfere in the measurement of 63Ni. The 60Co interference is corrected for via a gamma spectrometric measurement. This correction may, depending on the 63Ni/60Co ratio, introduce a large contribution to the measurement uncertainty. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility to reduce the measurement uncertainty of 63Ni measurements by adding a second Ni separation to the method. Double Ni separations were performed on reactor coolant water having a 60Co activity much higher than the 63Ni activity (63Ni/60Co = 0.01), in order to decrease the radioactivity of 60Co in the sample. The measurement uncertainty of the 63Ni measurement result was reduced by a factor of about three. 相似文献
7.
From extraction experiments and $ \gamma $ -activity measurements, the exchange extraction constant corresponding to the equilibrium Tl+ (aq) + 1·Cs+ (org) ? 1·Tl+ (org) + Cs+ (aq) taking place in the two-phase water–phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone (abbrev. FS 13) system (1 = calix[4]arene-bis(t-octylbenzo-18-crown-6); aq = aqueous phase, org = FS 13 phase) was evaluated as log K ex (Tl+, 1·Cs+) = 1.7 ± 0.1. Further, the extraordinarily high stability constant of the 1·Tl+ complex in FS 13 saturated with water was calculated for a temperature of 25 °C: log β org(1·Tl+) = 13.1 ± 0.2. Finally, by using quantum mechanical DFT calculations, the most probable structure of the cationic complex species 1·Tl+ was derived. In the resulting 1·Tl+ complex, the “central” cation Tl+ is bound by eight bond interactions to six oxygen atoms from the respective 18-crown-6 moiety and to two carbons of the corresponding two benzene rings of the parent receptor 1 via cation–π interaction. 相似文献
8.
The polymerizations of isobutylene initiated with the system tert-butyl chloride (t-BuCl)/SnCl4 and carried out in CH2Cl2 at −20°C and −78°C were investigated. The results obtained demonstrate that the presence of t-BuCl in the polymerizing system gives rise to a PIB product with a distinctly bimodal MWD. The higher-molecular weight (HMW) PIB, M̄n = 20000, I=M̄w/M̄n ∼ 2.5, is the result of existence of the protogenic initiation with residual water in the reaction system. The lower-molecular weight (LMW) PIB, M̄n < 600, M̄w/M̄n ≤ 1.4, is the product of polymerization initiated presumably with a complex t-BuCl-SnCl4-H2O. To elucidate the reaction mechanism of the polymerization initiated with the complex, a series of similar isobutylene polymerizations using the initiation system 2,5-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane (DDH)/SnCl4 was run and the oily LMW PIB samples were investigated by 1H-NMR. A new polymerization mechanism describing the role of DDH and t-BuCl is suggested. 相似文献
9.
10.
K. Toman 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1960,10(3):208-214
The change in integrated intensity of the (200) reflections of a solid solution during the formation of G.P. zones was measured and compared with the change in the character of the diffuse streaks corresponding to them. It was found that the. formation of G.P. zones does not lead to a decrease in primary extinction despite the great changes in the distribution of the copper atoms. It was shown that the formation of a precipitate accompanied by the formation of crystallographically incoherent boundaries greatly decreases the primary extinction.
. II. 1-u 4%: [. . ]
(200) . . , . , . . , . , , , .相似文献