HYDROGEN GENERATION FROM ARTIFICIAL SEA HATER IN A SEMICONDUCTOR SEPTUM ELECTROCHEMICAL PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

Visible light of the solar spectrum is directly converted to stored chemical energy of hydrogen from artificial sea water in a novel electrochemical photovoltaic cell. The principal element of the cell, modeled after the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane, is a semiconductor septum made of polycrystalline n-CdSe thin film deposited on nickel foil, which separates two aqueous solutions. Under short-circuit conditions, vigorous hydrogen evolution was seen at the Ni surface and continued as long as the cell was operated. The novel cell, the concept of which was derived from pigmented bilayer lipid membrane studies, is easy to construct, simple to operate, and appears to be a practical approach to the photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy.     

Experiment of C-Band Wavelength Conversion in a Silicon Waveguide Pumped by Dispersed Femtosecond Laser Pulse

We experimentally demonstrate the C-band wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in a 17-mm-long silicon-on-insulator waveguide pumped by a dispersed mode-locked femtosecond laser pulse. The idler can be observed with an incident average pump power lower than 4 dBm, and about 35 nm of conversion bandwidth from 1530nm to 1565nm is measured by using a 1550-nm pump wavelength. The pulse-pumped efficiency is demonstrated to be higher, by more than 22 dB, than the cw-pumped efficiency. The conversion efficiency variations with respect to the pump and signal powers are also investigated.     

正离子表面活性剂与负离子表面活性剂在水溶液中的相互作用

本工作研究了碳氢链较短的溴化辛基三甲铵(简写为C₈NMe₃Br)及辛基硫酸钠(简写为C₈SNa)混合水溶液的一些表面化学性质:在表面及“油-水”界面上的混合吸附、在表面上的气泡寿命和在界面上的液滴寿命以及溶液在石蜡表面上的润湿性能.从这些性质了解正、负离子表面活性剂的相互作用.结果表明:(1)混合表面活性剂有很高的表面活性.1:1C₈NMe₃Br-C₈SNa混合物的临界胶团浓度(cmc)为～7.5×10^-3m,远小于单一表面活性剂.在此浓度时,表面张力低达～23达因/厘米;溶液-正庚烷的界面张力更低,达～0.2达因/厘米,亦远低于单一表面活性剂;(2)混合表面活性剂溶液有很高的气泡寿命及液滴寿命,亦即有较大的表面膜及界面膜强度;(3)混合溶液比单一表面活性剂的润湿性能好;(4)不同比例的C₈NMe₃Br-C₈SNa混合溶液的表(界)面总吸附量与1:1混合溶液的相近,当浓度较大时,吸附层中两者比例大多接近1:1,且表(界)面张力亦甚低:(5)与一般离子型表面活性剂的情形完全不同,无机盐对1:1混合溶液的表(界)面张力影响很小.计算吸附量时,Gibbs公式应取1RT形式,而不采用对一般离子型表面活性剂适用的2RT形式.由此得出的最小平均“分子”面积为27～29Ų,表明吸附层中表面活性离子排列紧密,膜凝聚性强.上述结果充分说明正、负离子表面活性剂在水溶液中有强烈的相互作用,其本质主要在于附加的正、负电荷的库仑引力,由此导致正、负离子表面活性剂混合溶液的一系列表面化学特性.     

甲基丙烯酸十六酯溶液聚合

甲基丙烯酸十六酯在有机溶剂中聚合时,溶剂结构对聚合速度没有显著影响。聚合体的平均分子量主要是受溶剂的链转移常数控制的,但在聚合过程中当生成的高聚物分子具有近似平均分子量时,由于高聚物分子在不同溶剂中具有不同的分子形态所产生的不同程度的粘度效应,对高转化率聚合体的平均分子量产生影响;同时,在高转化率聚合过程中聚合体平均分子量的均匀性与高聚物分子在溶剂中的形态有关,而与由聚合物的不同平均分子量在溶剂中所表现的不同粘度无关。     

吲哚啉苯并螺呲喃类化合物的合成和应用

吲(口朶)啉苯并螺吡喃类化合物具有明显的光致变色性能。我们合成了6′-碘-1,3,3-三甲基吲(口朶)啉-2-螺环-2′-苯并吡喃及一些不同取代的吲(口朶)啉苯并螺吡喃化合物并对其色变性能进行了初步探讨。用这些化合物与光致抗蚀干膜G11胶制成了一种新型光致变色抗蚀干膜。将底片覆盖在此膜上,经紫外线照射后呈现出明显的色差,显示出的图象可保留24小时以上。     

扭摆式动态力学性能测量仪

本文报导了一种自动记录的扭摆式动态力学性能测量仪,并详细叙述了仪器的几个主要组成部分的设计和构造以及数据的计算方法。仪器性能良好,能在-185℃左右至250℃或以上工作;频率最高能达2周/秒。文中尚有顺-1,4聚丁二烯及高压聚乙烯的实测示例。     

ENERGY TRANSFER FROM CAROTENOIDS TO CHLOROPHYLL a IN BLACK LIPID MEMBRANES

Abstract— Black lipid membranes (BLM) were prepared from extracts of Chlorella and spinach chloroplasts. Excitation spectra of the 730 nm fluorescence of chlorophyll a in the BLM contained peaks identified as due to carotenoids and which therefore indicate sensitization of the chlorophyll fluorescence by them. The efficiency of this energy transfer was evaluated by comparison of the actual excitation spectra with those corresponding to 0 and 100 per cent transfer efficiency. Efficiencies were of the order of 40–50 per cent in BLM, but only 10 per cent in pigment solutions, when the mean distance between pigment molecules was 23 Å in both systems. The fluorescence quantum yield of chlorophyll a in such solutions was only 2 per cent of that found in BLM. Enhancement of energy transfer in BLM is considered to be mainly due to suppression of competing deactivation processes of excited carotenoid states, such as diffusional quenching by ground-state molecules and internal conversion. Favorable orientation of pigment molecules in the BLM constitutes a further enhancement factor.     

关於中子磁矩的计算

中子对于电为中性,但是中子有磁矩。我们知道:一切磁性是和电荷运动分不开的。因此我们假设中子是由一个荷正电的小球,外面紧密包着一个荷负电的球壳所构成。正电荷均匀分布于小球体积之内,负电荷则均匀分布于球壳的表面上,它的绝对值相等,所以仍为中性。它们团结在一起,绕着通过球心的一     

一些带二硫腙汞的光致变色共聚物

合成了一些对(甲基丙烯酰胺基)苯基汞二硫腙络合物的共聚物。测试了这些共聚物在光照下变色和在黑暗中恢复的光致变色性能。讨论了它们的化学组成对光致变色性能的影响。