Fabrication process parameters significantly affect the perovskite oxygen carriers materials (OCM) performance in chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU)

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The CLOU performance of the CaTixMn0.9?xMg0.1O3 (CMTM) perovskite-type system was investigated, comparing materials produced at laboratory scale...     

XPS characterisation of in situ treated lanthanum oxide and hydroxide using tailored charge referencing and peak fitting procedures

A technique is described for deposition of gold nanoparticles under vacuum, enabling consistent energy referencing of X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained from lanthanum hydroxide La(OH)₃ and in situ treated lanthanum oxide La₂O₃ powders. A method is also presented for the separation of the overlapping lanthanum 3d and MNN peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectra acquired with Al Kα radiation. The lower satellite intensity in La(OH)₃ compared to La₂O₃ is related to the higher ionicity of the La–O bond in the former compared to the latter compound. The presence of an additional peak in the valence band spectrum of the hydroxide compared to the oxide is attributed to the O–H bond as indicated by density functional theory based calculations. A doublet in the O 1s peak of lanthanum oxide is associated to the presence of two distinct oxygen sites in the crystal structure of this compound.     

Fe2O3–Al2O3 oxygen carrier materials for chemical looping combustion,a redox thermodynamic and thermogravimetric evaluation in the presence of H2S

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Alumina-supported Fe2O3 oxygen carrier material (OCM) system is among the most promising OCM systems for solid and gaseous fuel CLC. This work utilizes...     

FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGY AND THE COST OF IMPROVING GROUNDWATER QUALITY

Contamination of groundwater by agricultural and industrial chemicals is a significant public health problem in the United States and other nations. In recent years, regulations regarding acceptable groundwater quality, particularly for drinking water, have proliferated in response to heightened public awareness of health risks. To minimize the burden on the economy of providing high-quality water, it is necessary to be creative with regard to cleanup strategies. Making treatment technology flexible can reduce the cost of improving groundwater quality by avoiding unnecessary duplication of fixed costs. We consider two types of flexibility. The first is mobility of treatment technology among locations within a single water delivery system. We calculate the costs of compliance with drinking water quality regulations when treatment technologies are fixed and when they are mobile between locations, and show that mobility has significant economic advantages. The second type of flexibility is mobility among water delivery systems, which we capture through a regional rental market for treatment devices. We show that, under certain conditions, rental markets for treatment technology can lower the costs of improving water quality.