首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   10684篇
  免费   391篇
  国内免费   86篇
化学   7765篇
晶体学   52篇
力学   257篇
数学   1592篇
物理学   1495篇
  2023年   43篇
  2022年   72篇
  2021年   149篇
  2020年   174篇
  2019年   163篇
  2018年   127篇
  2017年   106篇
  2016年   273篇
  2015年   229篇
  2014年   276篇
  2013年   603篇
  2012年   676篇
  2011年   842篇
  2010年   357篇
  2009年   287篇
  2008年   635篇
  2007年   717篇
  2006年   742篇
  2005年   621篇
  2004年   536篇
  2003年   453篇
  2002年   429篇
  2001年   154篇
  2000年   103篇
  1999年   93篇
  1998年   89篇
  1997年   114篇
  1996年   121篇
  1995年   90篇
  1994年   83篇
  1993年   101篇
  1992年   78篇
  1991年   61篇
  1990年   86篇
  1989年   52篇
  1988年   66篇
  1987年   65篇
  1986年   75篇
  1985年   122篇
  1984年   119篇
  1983年   72篇
  1982年   104篇
  1981年   103篇
  1980年   100篇
  1979年   72篇
  1978年   90篇
  1977年   69篇
  1976年   65篇
  1975年   59篇
  1973年   63篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Easily accessible benzylic esters of 3‐butynoic acids in a gold‐catalyzed cyclization/rearrangement cascade reaction provided 3‐propargyl γ‐butyrolactones with the alkene and the carbonyl group not being conjugated. Crossover experiments showed that the formation of the new C?C bond is an intermolecular process. Initially propargylic–benzylic esters were used, but alkyl‐substituted benzylic esters worked equally well. In the case of the propargylic–benzylic products, a simple treatment of the products with aluminum oxide initiated a twofold tautomerization to the allenyl‐substituted γ‐butyrolactones with conjugation of the carbonyl group, the olefin, and the allene. The synthetic sequence can be conducted stepwise or as a one‐pot cascade reaction with similar yields. Even in the presence of the gold catalyst the new allene remains intact.  相似文献   
2.
We investigate the cyclic mechanical behavior in uniaxial tension of three different commercial thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) often considered as a sustainable replacement for common filled elastomers. All TPU have similar hard segment contents and linear moduli but sensibly different large strain properties as shown by X-ray analysis. Despite these differences, we found a stiffening effect after conditioning in step cyclic loading which greatly differs from the common softening (also referred as Mullins effect) observed in chemically crosslinked filled rubbers. We propose that this self-reinforcement is related to the fragmentation of hard domains, naturally present in TPU, in smaller but more numerous sub-units that may act as new physical crosslinking points. The proposed stiffening mechanism is not dissimilar to the strain-induced crystallization observed in stretched natural rubber, but it presents a persistent nature. In particular, it may cause a local reinforcement where an inhomogeneous strain field is present, as is the case of a crack propagating in cyclic fatigue, providing a potential explanation for the well-known toughness and wear resistance of TPU.  相似文献   
3.
4.
Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability - The problem of optimally controlling one-dimensional diffusion processes until they enter a given stopping set is extended to include Markov...  相似文献   
5.
A green and sustainable strategy synthesizes clinical medicine warfarin anticoagulant by using lipase‐supported metal–organic framework (MOF) bioreactors (see scheme). These findings may be beneficial for future studies in the industrial production of chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical precursors.  相似文献   
6.
The mechanical strength of individual polymer chains is believed to underlie a number of performance metrics in bulk materials, including adhesion and fracture toughness. Methods by which the intrinsic molecular strength of the constituents of a given polymeric material might be switched are therefore potentially useful both for applications in which triggered property changes are desirable, and as tests of molecular theories for bulk behaviors. Here we report that the sequential oxidation of sulfide containing polyesters (PE-S) to the corresponding sulfoxide (PE-SO) and then sulfone (PE-SO2) first weakens (sulfoxide), and then enhances (sulfone), the effective mechanical integrity of the polymer backbone; PE-S ∼ PE-SO2 > PE-SO. The relative mechanical strength as a function of oxidation state is revealed through the use of gem-dichlorocyclopropane nonscissile mechanophores as an internal standard, and the observed order agrees well with the reported bond dissociation energies of C–S bonds in each species and with the results of CoGEF modeling.

The mechanical strength of individual polymer chains is believed to underlie a number of performance metrics in bulk materials, including adhesion and fracture toughness.  相似文献   
7.
8.
In this Blackett Lecture, Professor Littlechild, Director General of Electricity Supply in the UK's Office of Electricity Regulation, renews acquaintance with some models he has developed over the years, introduces some models he has recently met, and discusses models that it would seem to be worthwhile developing. He concludes that for all concerned in the electricity industry, success depends on ever improving decision-making, in which OR has a vital role.  相似文献   
9.
The dependence of the beam propagation factor (M 2 parameter) with the absorbed pump power in the case of monolithic microchip laser under face-cooled configuration is extensively studied. Our investigations show that the M 2 parameter is related to the absorbed pump power through two parameters (α and β) whose values depend on the laser material properties and laser configuration. We have shown that one parameter arises due to the oscillation of higher order modes in the microchip cavity and the other parameter accounts for the spherical aberration associated with the thermal lens induced by the pump beam. Such dependency of M 2 parameter with the absorbed pump power is experimentally verified for a face-cooled monolithic microchip laser based on Nd3+ -doped GdVO4 crystal and the values of α and β parameters were estimated from the experimentally measured data points.  相似文献   
10.
Let V be a hypersurface with an isolated singularity at the origin in ? n+1. It is a natural question to ask when V is defined by weighted homogeneous polynomial or homogeneous polynomial up to biholomorphic change of coordinates. In 1971, a beautiful theorem of Saito gives a necessary and sufficient condition for V to be defined by a weighted homogeneous polynomial. For a two-dimensional isolated hypersurface signularity V, Xu and Yau found a coordinate free characterization for V to be defined by a homogeneous polynomial. Recently Lin and Yau gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a 3-dimensional isolated hypersurface singularity with geometric genus bigger than zero to be defined by a homogeneous polynomial. The purpose of this paper is to prove that Lin-Yau’s theorem remains true for singularities with geometric genus equal to zero.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号