葡萄藤材的微纤丝角与结晶度研究

为了解葡萄藤材的基本材性,提高我国非木材类植物资源高附加值加工利用水平,应用X射线衍射法测定了葡萄藤材的微纤丝角和结晶度。结果表明:微纤丝角变化范围在38.4—50.0°之间,平均值约为44.1°,与木材的微纤丝角相比偏大;纤维素结晶度变化范围在32.6%—41.0%之间,平均值约为37.4%,与木材的结晶度相比偏小。实验为葡萄藤材的加工利用提供了理论依据。     

Revealing the CO2 Conversion at Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li–CO2 Batteries via Nanoscale Visualization Methods

Lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO₂) battery technology presents a promising opportunity for carbon capture and energy storage. Despite tremendous efforts in Li–CO₂ batteries, the complex electrode/electrolyte/CO₂ triple-phase interfacial processes remain poorly understood, in particular at the nanoscale. Here, using in situ atomic force microscopy and laser confocal microscopy-differential interference contrast microscopy, we directly observed the CO₂ conversion processes in Li–CO₂ batteries at the nanoscale, and further revealed a laser-tuned reaction pathway based on the real-time observations. During discharge, a bi-component composite, Li₂CO₃/C, deposits as micron-sized clusters through a 3D progressive growth model, followed by a 3D decomposition pathway during the subsequent recharge. When the cell operates under laser (λ=405 nm) irradiation, densely packed Li₂CO₃/C flakes deposit rapidly during discharge. Upon the recharge, they predominantly decompose at the interfaces of the flake and electrode, detaching themselves from the electrode and causing irreversible capacity degradation. In situ Raman shows that the laser promotes the formation of poorly soluble intermediates, Li₂C₂O₄, which in turn affects growth/decomposition pathways of Li₂CO₃/C and the cell performance. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into interfacial evolution in Li–CO₂ batteries and the laser-tuned CO₂ conversion reactions, which can inspire strategies of monitoring and controlling the multistep and multiphase interfacial reactions in advanced electrochemical devices.     

NiMoO4纳米线@ZnCo MOF(350)核壳结构复合材料的制备及其析氧电催化性能

采用液相合成法成功合成了一种新型的ZnCo金属有机骨架（MOF）纳米晶原位生长于NiMoO₄纳米线（NWs）表面的复合材料NiMoO₄ NWs@ZnCo MOF。经350 ℃低温热处理（所得产物命名为NiMoO₄ NWs@ZnCo MOF（350））后,仍旧较好地保持了前驱体的结构和形貌,但在ZnCo MOF内部出现了极少量的Co₃O₄相,证明发生了轻微热解。化学键C—O—Mo和相异质界面处产生的大量氧空位可以成为活性位点的来源。新的Co₃O₄相的形成也导致异相界面的进一步增加。此外,少量的热解使核壳结构表面更加粗糙、疏松和多孔,产生更高的比表面积、更快的离子扩散路径和更好的导电性。因此经惰性玻碳电极测试,在10 mA·cm^-2电流密度下电催化剂表现出360 mV的低过电位,并保持了30 000 s的长期催化稳定性。     

Capping ligand perturbed slow magnetic relaxation in dysprosium single-ion magnets

Single-ion magnets 1 and 2 and their diamagnetic analogues 3 and 4 for magnetic-site dilution were obtained through substitution of the coordinated water molecules of [Ln(TTA)(3)(H(2)O)(2)] (Ln=Dy (1, 2), Y (3, 4); TTA=4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedionate) by 2,2'-bipyridine (1, 3) and 1,10-phenanthroline (2, 4) capping ligands. Their structures and magnetic properties were investigated with the goal of identifying features relevant to modulating relaxation dynamics of single-ion magnets. The metal ions in all complexes adopt an approximately square-antiprismatic (SAP) O(6)N(2) coordination environment. The SAP polyhedrons for both 1 and 2 show slight longitudinal compression, while the coordination sphere of 1 deviates more from an ideal SAP than that of 2, as indicated by the skew angles of the SAP environment. The similar values of U(eff) for the two magnetically diluted samples imply nearly the same distribution of low-lying states for their Dy(III) centers, which is consistent with the slight axial contraction observed for 1 and 2 and further corroborated by ligand-field analysis. The fast quantum tunneling rate τ(QTM) of 1, which is about ten times faster than that of 2, can presumably be associated with the larger rotation of the SAP surroundings. This distortion may result in a significant transverse anisotropy terms, and thus strongly affect the dynamic behavior of the system.     

Nanoparticle-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of bacterial spores

The development of ultrasensitive and rapid methods for the detection of bacterial spores is important for medical diagnostics of infectious diseases. While Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic (SERS) techniques have been increasingly demonstrated for achieving this goal, a key challenge is the development of sensitive and stable SERS substrates or probes. This Minireview highlights recent progress in exploring metal nanoparticle-based substrates, especially gold nanoparticle-based substrates, for the detection of biomarkers released from bacterial spores. One recent example involves assemblies of gold nanoparticles on a gold substrate for the highly sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a biomarker for bacterial spores such as Bacillus anthracis. This type of substrate exploits a strong SERS effect produced by the particle-particle and particle-substrate plasmonic coupling. It is capable of accurate speciation of the biomarker but also selective detection under various reactive or non-reactive conditions. In the case of detecting Bacillus subtilis spores, the limit of detection is quite comparable (0.1 ppb for DPA, and 1.5 × 10(9) spores per L (or 2.5 × 10(-14) M)) with those obtained using silver nanoparticle-based substrates. Implications of the recent findings for improving the gold nanoparticle-based SERS substrates with ultrahigh sensitivity for the detection of bacterial spores are also discussed.     

NHC–Pd(II)–Im (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene,Im=1-methylimidazole) complex catalyzed coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with carboxylic acid anhydrides in water

A well-defined N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–palladium chloride–imidazole complex exhibited high catalytic activity in the coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with carboxylic acid anhydrides in pure water under mild conditions. Under the optimal conditions, all reactions gave the desired coupling products in moderate to high yields.     

基于光子统计测量的单分子判别

基于标准的Hanbury-Brown-Twiss探测方式下，研究了具有Poisson统计背景的实际单分子光子源与理想双分子系统的光子统计特性，通过比较分析二者在具有相同平均光子数n—时的Mandel参数，研究给出一种利用双光子的统计概率P(2)判别单分子的方法为P(2)<12(2-4-2n—)².同时研究了单分子光子源的信号/背景比对分析结果的影响. 关键词： 单分子 Mandel参数 Poisson分布 信号/背景比     

Comment on “Orbital angular momentum and nonparaxial light beams”

An amendment is made to the nonparaxial beam solution advanced by Barnett and Allen for the purpose of exploring the problem of angular momentum.     

分析化学数字化精品教学资源的建设与实践

以课程网站为网络平台,以分析化学课堂教学的章节为主线,有效整合湖南大学的师资队伍资源、先进的教学手段和方法、特色教材和多媒体资源,建成分析化学数字化精品教学资源平台,有效推动立体化教学模式改革,促进课程、基地、团队和教材的全面建设。同时探索和解决数字化教学资源的共建、共享和有效利用。