Fullerene C6 0 Aggregates in Polymethyl Methacrylate Films

The structure of aggregates of fullerene C_{6 0} introduced into films of radical polymethyl methacrylate in the stage of solution preparation was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction.     

Tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene modified with fullerene black in dry sliding friction

The effect of fullerene black introduced (after extraction of light fullerenes from the black with toluene) into polytetrafluoroethylene F-4 on its wear resistance and antifriction properties in sliding over steel at contact pressures in the range 0.2–2.0 MPa was studied.     

Tribological characteristics of composites based on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and fullerene carbon

The effect of fullerene carbon fillers on the antifriction characteristics and wear resistance of PTFE during its sliding friction on steel and water lubrication has been studied. The structures of the modified PTFE and the fullerence carbon filler are analyzed by small-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The hypothetical mechanism of reinforcing effect provided by the fullerene carbon filler during friction is proposed.     

X-ray diffraction analysis of C<Subscript>60</Subscript> fullerene powder and fullerene soot

C₆₀ fullerene powder and fullerene soot are examined by the method of small-angle X-ray diffraction. Small-angle diffraction patterns constructed in the Guinier coordinates make it possible to find the radii of inertia of scattering elements. The small-angle diffraction scattering findings agree well with large-angle X-ray diffraction data.     

Step-Wise Concentration Influence of Fullerenes C60 and C70 on the Various Parameters of Condensed Systems

A step-wise changing concept is developed of the influence of fullerenes C₆₀and C₇₀ on various properties of condensed systems, liquid, and solid. In this, Part I is considered the step-wise character for three parameters: (1) the density of solutions; (2) the boiling points of solutions, and (3) the coefficient of the surface tension of solutions. The sharp drop of the density of solutions at very small fullerene concentrations is pointed out and considered. A step change in the coefficients of the surface tension of fullerene solutions with concentration were determined and are discussed. In Part II, to follow, the influence of fullerene concentrations on the freezing and melting of solutions will be considered.     

Structurization of a solvent interacting with fullerene C<Subscript>60</Subscript>

Solutions of fullerene C₆₀ in toluene and p-xylene were investigated by small-angle X-ray diffraction. In all small-angle scattering curves, the scattering intensity decreases to constant value I_C with an increase in the scattering angle. The value of I_C nonmonotonically depends on the fullerene concentration. The radii of gyration of scattering elements were determined by constructing small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns in Guinier coordinates.     

On the lubrication mechanism of detonation-synthesis nanodiamond additives in lubricant composites

The lubrication of detonation-synthesis diamond additives in lubricant composites has been discussed. The mechanism of interaction between nanodiamonds and friction surface has been shown to depend on the applied load. Two models of the lubrication of nanodiamonds and the conditions for their validity have also been proposed.     

Effect of Fullerene C60 on Structuring of Toluene

Toluene solutions of fullerene C₆₀ with concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.2 wt % were studied by small-angle X-ray diffraction analysis. The radii of gyration of scattering elements were determined from the small-angle diffraction patterns plotted in the Guinier coordinates.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1047–1049.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Ginzburg, Tuichiev, Tabarov, Lavrent’ev, Melenevskaya, A. Pozdnyakov, O. Pozdnyakov, Shepelevskii, Shibaev.     

On the mechanism of fibril rotation at the early stages of amorphous-crystalline polymer reorientation

The microdeformation behavior of polyamide-6 (PA6) oriented films is studied by X-ray diffraction at the early stages of reorientation at an angle of 45° to the direction of primary orientation. In the elastic strain range (up to 22%), the shear of crystallites and the rotation of fibrils take place simultaneously. The rotation is provided by the mutual slip of neighboring lamellas inside the fibrils.     

Effect of C60 fullerene, fullerene-containing soot, and other carbon materials on the sliding edge friction of metals

A comparative study of different carbon materials (C₆₀ fullerene; soot, both with and without fullerenes; graphite; and industrial carbon black) as additives to industrial lubricating oils has been carried out for copper-steel and steel-steel sliding couples. The soot containing fullerene and the powder of pure fullerene produce a noticeable improvement in the antifriction and antiwear properties of steel-steel and steel-copper couples, especially under heavy loads and pressures at the contact. The greatest improvement was observed for the steel-steel couple. Structural-mechanical studies were carried out for copper riders and it has been demonstrated by several methods that the addition of the C₆₀ fullerene (pure fullerene or as a fullerene-containingsoot) creates a fullerene-polymer film on the frictional surface about 1000 Å thick, which has a protective effect.