全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19403篇 |
免费 | 3228篇 |
国内免费 | 2485篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 14260篇 |
晶体学 | 182篇 |
力学 | 1150篇 |
综合类 | 169篇 |
数学 | 2376篇 |
物理学 | 6979篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 67篇 |
2023年 | 381篇 |
2022年 | 605篇 |
2021年 | 666篇 |
2020年 | 759篇 |
2019年 | 740篇 |
2018年 | 678篇 |
2017年 | 566篇 |
2016年 | 851篇 |
2015年 | 953篇 |
2014年 | 1085篇 |
2013年 | 1453篇 |
2012年 | 1641篇 |
2011年 | 1642篇 |
2010年 | 1201篇 |
2009年 | 1139篇 |
2008年 | 1240篇 |
2007年 | 1158篇 |
2006年 | 1055篇 |
2005年 | 890篇 |
2004年 | 728篇 |
2003年 | 646篇 |
2002年 | 669篇 |
2001年 | 507篇 |
2000年 | 422篇 |
1999年 | 467篇 |
1998年 | 385篇 |
1997年 | 290篇 |
1996年 | 286篇 |
1995年 | 269篇 |
1994年 | 240篇 |
1993年 | 191篇 |
1992年 | 165篇 |
1991年 | 185篇 |
1990年 | 172篇 |
1989年 | 130篇 |
1988年 | 109篇 |
1987年 | 89篇 |
1986年 | 77篇 |
1985年 | 81篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 41篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The γcmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS.
Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed
to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of
CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows
the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low
temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and
surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that
turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation
of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives
by increasing the contact between two reacting phases. 相似文献
2.
HIRFL–CSR加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了重离子加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失过程和碰撞截面,在依据大量实验数据的基础上,提出了一组计算离子一原子的电荷交换截面的经验公式.以兰州重离子加速器HDRFL及冷却储存环CSR为例,给出了依据碰撞截面的公式计算束流在加速器真空中的传输效率的方法,并计算了在不同真空度下HIRFL的ECR源轴向注入束运线、注入器SFC、前束运线、主加速器SSC和后束运线等不同加速阶段及CSR的传输效率,并提出合理的真空度要求.HIRFL的真空分布测量和束流的损失测量证明了该计算方法的可靠性. 相似文献
3.
提出用溶胶粒子表面修饰方法,结合溶胶凝胶技术制备无机催化膜.该方法的基本原理是利用合适的金属配合物在胶粒表面的吸附作用,经溶胶凝胶过程,将活性组分结合到无机膜中.实验测定结果表明:(NiEDTA)2-,VO-3,MoO2-4,(Pd(NH3)4)2+,PdCl2-4,PtCl2-6和RhCl3-6可用来修饰AlOOH溶胶.以Pd/γAl2O3催化膜的制备为例,经三次溶胶凝胶过程,可制得无裂缺的厚度为9μm的Pd/γAl2O3催化膜,膜材料的平均孔直径为6nm,Pd被均匀地分布在膜的顶层,其平均粒径为23nm. 相似文献
4.
Solitary waves and their bifurcations of KdV like equation with higher order nonlinearity 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
We investigate the KdV like equation with higher order nonlinearity ut + a(1 +bun)unux + uxxx = 0with n ≥ 1, a, b ∈ R and α≠ 0. The bifurcations and explicit expressions of solitary wave solutions for theequation are discussed by using the bifurcation method and qualitative theory of dynamical systems. Thebifurcation diagrams, existence and number of the solitary waves are given. 相似文献
5.
Syntheses, structures, and properties of novel molybdenum and tungsten complexes of fullerenes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The synthesis and characterization of several fullerene-based organometallic complexes containing Mo and W is reported. 相似文献
6.
Geng Sheng WANG 《数学学报(英文版)》2005,21(5):1005-1014
This work is concerned with Pontryagin's maximum principle of optimal control problems governed by some non-well-posed semilinear heat equations. A type of approach to the non-well-posed optimal control problem is given. 相似文献
7.
A lithium(I) coordination polymer has been formed from LiClO4 and the 2,2′‐bipyrimidine (bpym) ligand in which each square pyramidal lithium(I) atom is coordinated in the basal plane by four nitrogen donor atoms derived from two bpym ligands and one water molecule at the apical position. These are connected into a layer structure via hydrogen‐bonding interactions involving the perchlorate anions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Chin‐Ping Yang Sheng‐Huei Hsiao Che‐Yu Tsai Guey‐Sheng Liou 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(10):2416-2431
Two series of fluorinated polyimides were prepared from 2,2′‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)biphenyl ( 2 ) and 2,2′‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl ( 4 ) with various aromatic dianhydrides via a conventional, two‐step procedure that included a ring‐opening polyaddition to give poly(amic acid)s, followed by chemical or thermal cyclodehydration. The inherent viscosities of the polyimides ranged from 0.54 to 0.73 and 0.19 to 0.36 dL/g, respectively. All the fluorinated polyimides were soluble in many polar organic solvents, such as N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐methylpyrrolidone, and afforded transparent and light‐colored films via solution‐casting. These polyimides showed glass‐transition temperatures in the ranges of 222–280 and 257–351 °C by DSC, softening temperatures in the range of 264–301 °C by thermomechanical analysis, and a decomposition temperature for 10% weight loss above 520 °C both in nitrogen and air atmospheres. The polyimides had low moisture absorptions of 0.23–0.58%, low dielectric constants of 2.84–3.61 at 10 kHz, and an ultraviolet–visible absorption cutoff wavelength at 351–434 nm. Copolyimides derived from the same dianhydrides with an equimolar mixture of 4,4′‐oxydianiline and diamine 2 or 4 were also prepared and characterized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2416–2431, 2004 相似文献
9.
Hongwei Hao Minsheng Wu Yifang Chen Jiaowen Tang Qingyu Wu 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2004,33(3-4):151-156
To prevent cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic water by ultrasonic method, ultrasonic irradiations with different parameters were tested to inhibit Spirulina platensis from growth. The experimental result based on cyanobacterial growth, chlorophyll a and photosynthetic activity showed that, the ultrasonic irradiation inhibited cyanobacterial proliferation effectively, furthermore the inhibition effectiveness increased in the order: 200 kHz>1.7 MHz>20 kHz and became saturated with the increased power. The inhibition mechanism can be mainly attributed to the mechanical damage to the cell structures caused by ultrasonic cavitation, which was confirmed by light microscopy and differential interference microscopy. The optimal frequency of 200 kHz in cavition and sonochemistry was also most effective in cyanobacterial growth inhibition. The higher frequency of 1.7 MHz is weaker than 20 kHz in cavitation, but has more effective inhibition because it is nearer to the resonance frequency of gas vesicle. The inhibition saturation with ultrasonic power was due to the ultrasonic attenuation induced by the acoustic shielding of bubbles enclosing the radiate surface of transducer. 相似文献
10.
Regular Semigroups with Inverse Transversals 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
Xilin Tang 《Semigroup Forum》1997,55(1):24-32