The significance of complex polysaccharides in personal care formulations

Complex polysaccharides have numerous pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulating, anticoagulant and anticancer effects. In personal care products, these biopolymers are used as thickener and stabilizing agents or as moisturizing ingredients that could be beneficial to the skin. Various polysaccharides, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), hyaluronic acid (HA), carrageenan, fucose, fucoidan, chitin, chitosan, etc., have applications in cosmeceutical industries. GAGs and HA incorporated in moisturizing creams strengthen the skin barrier by forming a protective layer which prevents transdermal water loss. Therefore, these polysaccharides have been formulated into potential cosmeceuticals and biopharmaceuticals.     

Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation of Cadaverine and Ornithine,and Spectrophotometric Quantification

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Selective area rare-earth doping of planar glass samples for monolithic integration of optically passive and active waveguides

Successful demonstration of selective area doping of planar glass samples for monolithic integration of optically passive and active devices on a single chip is presented. Salt solution of erbium was delivered onto pre-sintered germano-silicate samples via a syringe. The samples were then consolidated to form dense glass layers containing regions doped with rare earth. Erbium tri-chloride solution, 0.1 M, was used during the solution doping phase, with the resulting erbium atomic percentage ranging from more than 0.1-0.4%, increasing linearly with the number of drips applied.     

Higher Dimensional Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Collapse

In this paper, the gravitational collapse of type I matter has been investigated in the context of higher dimensional spherically symmetric spacetime. The equation of state $P_{R}=\frac{1}{b}\rho$ with b>0 is assumed. The effects of more than four dimensions on the nature of the singularity are being discussed.     

Adsorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solution onto iron oxide coated eggshell powder: Evaluation of equilibrium,isotherms, kinetics,and regeneration capacity

This study explored the adsorption behavior of Cu²⁺ onto iron oxide coated eggshell powder (IOESP) from aqueous solution. The effect of various operational parameters such as pH, contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, surfactant, and temperature on adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions was investigated using batch adsorption experiments. The optimum pH for Cu²⁺ adsorption was found to be 6.0. Kinetics of adsorption was found to follow the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The suitability of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to the equilibrium data was investigated. The adsorption was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model indicating the presence of heterogeneous sites for Cu²⁺ adsorption. The adsorption of Cu²⁺ was increased in the presence of anionic surfactant (SDS) while cationic surfactant (CTAB) shows no significant change in adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ onto IOESP was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic. Regeneration studies were performed using HCl, HCOOH, EDTA, and NaOH as eluting agent for Cu²⁺ desorption from saturated IOESP and the maximum regeneration was observed with HCl.     

Distributions of the Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity of Charged Particles in pp Collisions at 0.9 TeV

JETP Letters - We have studied the charged particles spectra for the pseudorapidity region of ∣η∣ < 2.5, the multiplicity of charged particles, its dependence on pT as well...     

Anodisation of copper in thiourea- and formamidine disulphide-containing acid solution.: Part I. Identification of products and reaction pathway

The anodic behaviour of copper in aqueous 0.5 M sulphuric acid containing different amounts of dissolved thiourea or formamidine disulphide was investigated at 298 K, combining data from electrochemical polarisation, chemical analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy, XPS and EDAX analysis, and structural information on copper–thiourea complexes. The main reactions depend on the applied potential and initial thiourea concentration. In the potential range −0.30≤E≤0.075 V (versus SCE), the electro-oxidation of thiourea to formamidine disulphide, the formation of Cu(I)–thiourea soluble complexes, and Cu(I)–thiourea complex polymer-like films, are the most relevant processes. The formation of this film depends on certain critical thiourea/copper ion molar concentration ratios at the reaction interface. At low positive potentials, the former reaction is under intermediate kinetic control, with the diffusion of thiourea from the solution playing a key role. For E≥0.075 V, soluble Cu(II) ions in the solution are formed and the anodic film is gradually changed to another one consisting of copper sulphide and residual copper. The new film assists the localised electrodissolution of copper. A complex reaction pathway for copper anodisation in these media for the low and high potential range is advanced.     

Efficacy of Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibres for capturing Diclofenac (DC) drug from its aqueous solutions

Pharmaceutical drug contamination in water nowadays is deteriorating the ecological components. A remedial approach is therefore a necessity. This study focuses on the synthesis of PANI nanofibres employing the oxidative polymerization method using ammonium persulphate (APS) as oxidant. The synthesized nanofibres were characterized using HR-TEM, FT-IR and XRD. The HRTEM image exhibited the nano-range structure of PANI with a rough surface. The FT-IR spectra inferred about the role of surface capping groups involved in the uptake mechanism. The crystallinity of PANI was well assessed by the X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The interaction between the studied drug diclofenac (DC) and polyaniline (PANI) showed a rapid equilibrium time 120 min favored at pH 5.0 achieving maximum adsorptive capacity (q_e) of 471.08 mg g ^?1. The uptake process followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R² = 1) with intra-particle diffusivity model (R² = 0.9810) as the governing step and best fitting values into Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.9822) inferred about the favourable adsorption of DC forming monolayer over PANI having q_m to be 943.83 mg g^?1. The drug DC was easily desorbed up to 85.31% by using 0.1 M aq ethanol and was exhausted after five cycles of reusability. The whole adsorptive mechanism involved electrostatic interactions along with hydrogen bonding.