Screening and Production of Ligninolytic Enzyme by a Marine-Derived Fungal Pestalotiopsis sp. J63

Marine-derived fungi are prone to produce structurally unique secondary metabolites, a considerable number of which display the promising biological properties and/or industrial applications. Among those, ligninolytic enzymes have attracted great interest in recent years. In this work, about 20 strains were isolated from sea mud samples collected in the East China Sea and then screened for their capacity to produce lignin-degrading enzymes. The results showed that a strain, named J63, had a great potential to secrete a considerable amount of laccase. Using molecular method, it was identified as an endophytic fungus, Pestalotiopsis sp. which was rarely reported as ligninolytic enzyme producer in the literature. The production of laccase by Pestalotiopsis sp. J63 was investigated under submerged fermentation (SF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) with various lignocellulosic by-products as substrates. The SSF of rice straw powder accumulated the highest level of laccase activity (10,700 IU/g substrate), whereas the SF of untreated sugarcane bagasse provided the maximum amount of laccase activity (2,000 IU/ml). The value was far higher than those reported by other reports. In addition, it produced 0.11 U/ml cellulase when alkaline-pretreated sugarcane bagasse was used as growth substrate under SF. Meanwhile, the growth of fungi and laccase production under different salinity conditions were also studied. It appeared to be a moderately halo-tolerant organism.     

基于高/多光谱图像空天一体融合仿真方法

提出了一种基于高/多光谱图像的空天一体融合仿真方法. 以航空高光谱数据为基础, 根据航天多光谱遥感相关参数, 通过空天一体光谱维变换、尺度空间变换、辐射强度变换、混合像素变换和噪声变换将 航空高光谱图像中的地物目标进行空天一体映射到航天多光谱图像中, 得到特定地物目标的航天多光谱融合模拟仿真图像. 仿真实验表明该方法简便易行, 有效地减少了地物目标的三维建模和探测器响应建模的巨大工作量, 较好地实现了对特定地物目标航天多光谱图像的模拟, 开拓了遥感图像仿真模拟方法的新领域, 具有重要的研究和应用价值. 关键词： 遥感图像 空天一体 融合仿真 光谱维变换     

Expansion and hydrodynamic properties of cellulose-stainless steel powder composite matrix for expanded bed adsorption

For better understanding the influences of solid phase properties on the performance of the expanded bed, the expansion and hydrodynamic properties of cellulose-stainless steel powder composite matrix with a series of densities was investigated and analyzed in an expanded bed. Two kinds of matrix particle diameter fractions, the small one (60-125 microm) and the large (125-300 microm), were used in the present work. In general, the expansion factors decreased obviously with the increase of matrix density. A linear relation between the mean density of matrix and superficial velocity at expansion factor of 2.5 was found for same series of matrices. The Richardson-Zaki equation could correlate the bed expansion and operation fluid velocity for all matrices tested. The theoretical prediction of correlation parameters (the terminal settling velocity U(t) and expansion index n) was improved with the modification of equations in the literature. The residence time distributions were investigated to characterize the hydrodynamic property in expanded bed. Compared with three evaluation factors (the height equivalent of theoretical plate, Bo number and axial distribution coefficient D(ax)), the results indicated that D(ax) is the best parameter to analyze the bed stability of expanded bed under various operation conditions and matrix properties. In addition, it was found that fluid velocity is the most essential factor to influence the hydrodynamic properties in the bed. A linear relation between the D(ax) and superficial fluid velocity for all matrices tested was established.     

添加物对聚电解质成膜特性的影响及相关机理探讨

研究了添加不同分子量、不同带电特性的物质(如葡萄糖、PEG聚合物系列、NaCl和CMC)到成囊溶液中, 考察它们对制得的NaCS/PDMDAAC胶囊性质的影响. 同时, 测定了聚电解质稀溶液的粘度、电导、zeta电位及聚合物阴阳离子反应后的悬浊液的浊度及zeta电位. 结果表明, 通过添加物对稀电解质溶液性质的影响可判断其对胶囊特性的影响. 分析了添加物对NaCS与PDMDAAC反应的影响, 并根据溶液格子理论对胶囊的宏观特性变化提出了一个可能的微观解释.     

高浓度盐系统中指肪酶的固定化及其催化活力

选择了四十多个可溶性的盐，实现了脂肪酶在高浓度盐系统中的固定化，并以 固定化脂肪酶的盐为催化剂，研究了正已烷中脂肪酶催化丁醇和乙酸乙烯酯间的转 酯化制备乙酸丁酯的反应和水溶液中橄榄油的水解反应，考察了高浓度盐系统中脂 肪酶的催化活力。     

Evaluation of new high-density ion exchange adsorbents for expanded bed adsorption chromatography

New adsorbents Q HyperZ and CM HyperZ composed of hydrogel-filled porous zirconium oxide particles were evaluated for expanded bed adsorption applications in the present work. The HyperZ adsorbents have wet density of 3.16 g ml(-1), particle size of 44.5-100.8 microm and average sphere diameter of 67 microm. The bed expansion as the function of flow velocity and fluid viscosity was measured and correlated with Richardson-Zaki equation. The suitable expansion factor was considered less than 2.5, while the corresponding flow velocity was about 450 cmh(-1). Liquid mixing in the bed was determined to evaluate the stability of expanded bed. The Bodenstein numbers tested were higher than 40 and the axial mixing coefficients (D(ax)) were between 0.5 and 9.7x10(-6)m(2)s(-1), which demonstrated that a stable expanded bed could be formed under suitable operation conditions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were used as model proteins to estimate the adsorption capacities of Q and CM HyperZ, respectively. The maximum equilibrium adsorption of Q and CM HyperZ could reach 45.7 and 27.2 mg g(-1) drained adsorbents, respectively. It was found that yeast cells had little influence on the adsorption capacities of the two adsorbents tested. The dynamic adsorption capacity of BSA at 10% breakthrough with Q HyperZ was 35.9 mg g(-1) drained adsorbent at flow velocity of 100 cm h(-1) for packed bed adsorption. The values for expanded bed adsorption were 34.4 mg g(-1) drained adsorbent at flow velocity of 200 cm h(-1), 33.6 mg g(-1) drained adsorbent at 300 cm h(-1) and 31.7 mg g(-1) drained adsorbent 400 cm h(-1). The results demonstrated that Q HyperZ and CM HyperZ are suitable for expanded bed adsorption of biomolecules.     

布洛芬与人血白蛋白位点II动态结合过程的分子模拟:一种结合途径分析

人血白蛋白（HSA）主要有两个药物结合位点,位点I和位点Ⅱ,许多小分子优先结合在位点Ⅱ上,包括抗炎类药物布洛芬。本文采用分子模拟方法研究了布洛芬小分子与HSA位点Ⅱ结合的动态过程,探讨了二者的结合机制。首先构建了50个随机分布的布洛芬与HSA复合物体系,经50 ns分子动力学模拟,其中一个布洛芬分子稳定结合于位点Ⅱ。基于该分子的运动轨迹分析,发现布洛芬的结合可分为四个阶段,即远程吸引、表面结合调整、进入位点Ⅱ空腔和稳定结合。比较范德华和静电相互作用能,发现初期以静电吸引为主,中期在HSA表面的两个极性区域间调整,逐步转移至位点Ⅱ附近;然后在位点Ⅱ入口处的极性残基和附近疏水残基的共同作用下,布洛芬进入位点Ⅱ空腔;进入空腔后,静电和疏水共同作用形成稳定结合。在结合过程中,位点Ⅱ附近的蛋白表面发生明显改变,体现出一定的“诱导契合”作用,同时分子模拟得到的结合模式和布洛芬-HSA结合的晶体结构类似。结果表明,分子模拟可以辅助研究小分子和蛋白结合的动态过程,从分子水平阐述相关结合机制。     

Optimization of a Natural Medium for Cellulase by a Marine Aspergillus niger Using Response Surface Methodology

The components of a natural medium were optimized to produce cellulase from a marine Aspergillus niger under solid state fermentation conditions by response surface methodology. Eichhornia crassipes and natural seawater were used as a major substrate and a source of mineral salts, respectively. Mineral salts of natural seawater could increase cellulase production. Raw corn cob and raw rice straw showed a significant positive effect on cellulase production. The optimum natural medium consisted of 76.9?% E. crassipes (w/w), 8.9?% raw corn cob (w/w), 3.5?% raw rice straw (w/w), 10.7?% raw wheat bran (w/w), and natural seawater (2.33 times the weight of the dry substrates). Incubation for 96?h in the natural medium increased the biomass to the maximum. The cellulase production was 17.80?U/g the dry weight of substrates after incubation for 144?h. The natural medium avoided supplying chemicals and pretreating substrates. It is promising for future practical fermentation of environment-friendly producing cellulase.     

Chromatographic refolding of recombinant human interferon gamma by an immobilized sht GroEL191-345 column

Minichaperone sht GroEL191-345 was covalently coupled to NHS-activated Sepharose Fast Flow gel. Refolding of recombinant human interferon gamma (rhIFN-gamma) was carried out on a chromatographic column packed with immobilized minichaperone. The effects of salt concentration, urea concentration gradient, elution flow rate and protein loading on the refolding efficiency were investigated. The results indicated that immobilized sht GroEL191-345 chromatography was an effective protocol for the refolding of rhIFN-gamma. When loading 100 microl denatured rhIFN-gamma (17.8 mg/ml), the protein mass recovery and total activity obtained in this optimal process reached 74.25% and 6.74 x 10(6)IU/ml, respectively with the immobilized minichaperone column which was reused for 10 times with 25% decrease of renaturation capacity.     

Effects of ligand density and pore size on the adsorption of bovine IgG with DEAE ion-exchange resins

Immunoglobulin G is an important plasma protein with many applications in therapeutics and diagnostics, which can be purified effectively by ion exchange chromatography. The ligand densities and pore properties of ion-exchange resins have significant effects on the separation behaviors of protein, however, the understandings are quite limited. In this work, with bovine immunoglobulin as the model IgG, the adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were investigated systematically with series of diethylaminoethyl ion-exchange resins with different ligand densities and pore sizes. The Langmuir equation and pore diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data. The influences of ligand density and pore size on the saturated adsorption capacity, the dissociation constant and the effective diffusivity were discussed. The adsorption capacities increased with the increase of ligand density and the decrease of pore size, and an integrative parameter was proposed to describe the combined effects of ligand density and pore size. It was also found that the effective pore diffusion coefficient of the adsorption kinetics was influenced by pore sizes of resins, but was relatively independent on the ligand densities of resins. For a given protein, the ligand density and pore size should be optimized for improving the protein adsorption.