EFFECT OF FORESTLAND AVAILABILITY BY OWNERSHIP TYPE ON LICENSE SALES FOR HUNTING: A SPATIAL APPROACH

Abstract The effect of forestland availability under different ownership types on license sales for hunting in nine Southeastern states is empirically evaluated. An equation that represents license sales for hunting is estimated assuming the sale of hunting licenses in a particular county is related to the characteristics of that county as well as the characteristics and license sales for hunting in its neighboring counties. The positive effects of the amounts of both national and private forestland on license sales reaffirm the potential benefits of maintaining forestland to stimulate hunting. The positive spillover effect of national forests on license sales for hunting suggests that availability and close access to hunting in national forests within neighboring counties are important in supporting hunting license sales in a county. This study contributes to the general understanding of the drivers affecting individuals’ decisions to use natural resources for hunting. Advances in natural resource modeling, specifically the spatial process model and geospatial data used in this research, make it possible to examine the interactions between the spatial dynamics and ownership attributes of the natural system, allowing policy makers to design natural resource management practices that respond to a system characterized by these interactions.     

Coxeter groups A4, B4 and D4 for two-qubit systems

The Coxeter–Weyl groups W(A₄), W(B₄), and W(D₄) have proven very useful for two-qubit systems in quantum information theory. A simple technique is employed to construct the unitary matrix representations of the groups, based on quaternionic transformation of the usual reflection matrices. The von Neumann entropy of each reduced density matrix is calculated. It is shown that these unitary matrix representations are naturally related to various universal quantum gates and they lead to entangled states. Canonical decomposition of generators in terms of fundamental gate representations is given to construct the quantum circuits.     

Highly Bright White Organic Light-Emitting Diode

A highly bright white organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was realized by using a highly bright blue emitting layer, 1,7-diphenyl-4-biphenyl-3,5-dimethyl-l,7-dihydrodipyrazolo[3,4-b;4',3'-e]pyridine (PAP-Ph), together with a 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM)-doped Alq [tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Ⅲ)] layer to provide the blue, red and green emission for color mixing. With appropriate thickness control, the white-light OLED has a performance that reaches 24700 cd/m2 at 15 V, 1.93 lm/W at 6.5 V, and ＞300 cd/m2 at 7.7 mA/em2. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the emitted light vary in a very small range, from (0.35, 0.34) to (0.34, 0.35), when forward voltages change from 6 to 12 V.     

RANDOM RESPONSE OF PREISACH HYSTERETIC SYSTEMS

An approximate method for analyzing the response of Preisach hysteretic systems with non-local memory under stationary Gaussian excitation is proposed. The covariance matrix equation of system response is derived. The cross correlation function of Preisach hysteretic force and response in the covariance equation is evaluated based on the switching probability analysis and the Gaussian approximation of response process and an explicit expression for the cross correlation function is given for the case of symmetric Preisach weighting function. It is shown that the numerical result obtained by using the proposed method is in good agreement with that from digital simulation.     

STOCHASTIC AVERAGING OF STRONGLY NON-LINEAR OSCILLATORS UNDER BOUNDED NOISE EXCITATION

A stochastic averaging method for strongly non-linear oscillators under external and/or parametric excitation of bounded noise is proposed by using the so-called generalized harmonics functions. The method is then applied to study the primary resonance of Duffing oscillator with hardening spring under external excitation of bounded noise. The stochastic jump and its bifurcation of the system are observed and explained by using the stationary probability density of amplitude and phase. Subsequently, the method is applied to study the dynamical instability and parametric resonance of Duffing oscillator with hardening spring under parametric excitation of bounded noise. The primary unstable region is delineated by evaluating the Lyapunov exponent of linearized system, and the response and jump of non-linear system around the unstable region are examined by using the sample functions and stationary probability density of amplitude and phase.     

b／a＝0．5的椭圆形通道内非牛顿流体的强化传热

对非牛顿流体在小尺寸椭圆形通道内的层流受迫对流传热进行了实验研究。实验介质为１５００Ｗｐｐｍ的Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ－９３４中性水溶液。采用直接通电的方法对管壁四周等热流加热。结果表明，椭圆通道内，非牛顿流体Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ水溶液的换热强于牛顿流体水，约高出水５０％左右，说明粘弹性流体在椭圆形通道内也产生二次流并能强化换热；与同种浓度的Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ水溶液在方形通道内的换热结果相比，椭圆通道内的换热高于方形通道。流体的压力降则不受粘弹性的影响，仍符合幂律流体的阻力系数关系式（ｆ＝１６／Ｒｅ＊）。     

波长对Ag/TiO2催化剂上二氧化碳光催化还原的影响

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by water was performed in the presence of a Ag/TiO2 catalyst under illumination by lamps with different wavelengths(254,365,and 400 nm).The yields of the main products(methane and methanol)were higher with the 254 nm lamp than with the 365 lamp while no products were observed with the 400 nm lamp.This was because the electron-hole generation rate increased with increasing energy of irradiation(decreasing wavelength)and there were higher densities of electron states at higher energies in TiO2. The increased efficiency of electron-hole generation with a shorter wavelength irradiation increased the efficiency of the catalyst.The energy of the electrons excited by visible light(400 nm)was too low for CO2 photocatalytic reduction.     

IDENTIFICATION OF MODAL PARAMETERS FROM MEASURED OUTPUT DATA USING VECTOR BACKWARD AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL

In this paper, a modal identification system that is based on the vector backward autoregressive (VBAR) model has been developed for the identification of natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of structures from measured output data. The modal identification using forward autoregressive approach has some problems in discriminating the structure modes from spurious modes. On the contrary, the VBAR approach provides a determinate boundary for the separation of system modes from spurious modes, and an eigenvalue filter for the selection of physical modes is existent in the proposed method. For convenience of application, the backward state equation established from VBAR model is transformed into a forward state equation, which is termed as transformed VFAR model in this paper. In addition, the extraction of equivalent system matrix of state equation of motion for structures from the transformed VFAR model has been developed, and then the normal modes can be calculated from the identified equivalent system matrix. Two examples of modal identification are carried out to demonstrate the availability and effectiveness of the proposed backward approach: (1) Numerical modal identification for a three-degree-of-freedom dynamic system with noise level in 20% of r.m.s of measured output data; (2) experimental modal identification of a cantilever beam. Finally, to show the advantage of the proposed VBAR approach on the selection of physical modes, the modal identification by stochastic subspace method was performed. The results from both methods are compared.     

REGIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS FOR AN ALASKA FISHERY

We compute the effects on the Alaska economy of reduced pollock harvests from rising sea surface temperature using a regional dynamic computable general equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic stock‐yield projection model for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock. We show that the effects of decreased pollock harvest are offset to some extent by increased pollock price, and that fuel costs and the world demand for the fish, as well as the reduced supply of the fish from rising sea surface temperature, are also important factors that determine the economic and welfare effects.     

Substituent effects on gas-phase acidities of formic acid and its silicon and sulphur derivatives R − M(= X)XH(M = C., Si; X = O,S; R = H,F, CI,OH, NH2 and CH3)

Ab initio molecular orbital methods at the CBS-Q level of theory have been used to study the effect of substituent (F, Cl, NH₂, OH and CH₃) on the gas-phase acidities of formic acid, HCOOH, its silicon and sulphur derivatives R-M(= X)XH(M = C., Si; X = 0, S; R = F, Cl, OH, NH₂ and CH₃). For formic acid and its thio and dithio derivatives the acidity changes upon substitution are irregular and depend on both the type of substituent, position and degree of replacement of oxygen atoms by sulphur atoms. For sila carboxylic acids and their thio and dithio derivatives the calculated acidities regularly increase in the order: R-SiOOH < R-Si(=S)OH ? R-Si(=O)SH < R-SiSSH(R = H, F, Cl, OH, NH₂ and CH₃). The chloro derivatives are the strongest among the acids studied. The highest gas phase acidity (1277.6 kJmol^?1) has been calculated for ClC(=S)OH.