Electrophysical and electrochemical properties of Y1 − x Ca x Cr1 − y Me y O3 (Me = Mg, Cu)

Structure, thermal elongation coefficient, and conductivity of Y_{1 ? x} Ca _x Cr_{1 ? y} Me _y O₃ (Me = Mg, Cu) in air are studied at 100–1000°C. Electrochemical activity of electrodes made of most conducting compositions Y_{1 ? x} Ca _x Cr_{1 ? y} Me _y O₃ (Me = Mg, Cu), contacting solid electrolyte 0.9ZrO₂ + 0.1Y₂O₃, is studied over a wide range of polarizations, in air, at 700–900°C.     

Electrode Potentials of Cells with an Electrolyte Based on Zirconium Dioxide in Gas Mixtures N2+ O2+ CO2+ CO: A Platinum Electrode

Steady-state potentials of various platinum electrodes are measured in cells containing electrolyte ZrO₂+ Y₂O₃(10 mol %) in the temperature range 673–773 K in binary equilibrium gas mixtures N₂+ O₂and CO + CO₂, as well as in four-component nonequilibrium gas mixtures N₂+ O₂+ CO₂+ CO containing 0–3 vol % CO and 0–10 vol % O₂. Adding CO to a gas mixture makes the electrode potential deviate from equilibrium, which is explained by chemisorption of CO on the electrode. The oxygen, which is adsorbed on platinum, interacts with CO; as a result, CO₂undergoes desorption and the surface concentration of CO drops.     

Bond nature and structure of ferrocyanide-containing materials based on cellulose

The structure and the qualitative composition of ferrocyanide sorbents on cellulose supports have been investigated. It has been shown that the inorganic component is retained on the support by the reaction of the active hydroxides of the cellulose with the CN groups of the ferrocyanide.Institute of Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620169. Kristall Scientific and Production Association (NPO), Ekaterinburg 620219. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 565–567, March, 1992.     

Potentials of Oxide Electrodes in Cells with a Zirconium Dioxide-Based Electrolyte in Mixtures of Nitrogen,Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide,and Carbon Monoxide Gases

Measurements of steady-state potentials of various electrodes made of oxide compositions are performed in cells containing electrolyte ZrO₂ + 10 mol % Y₂O₃ at a temperature of 773 K in nonequilibrium gas mixtures N₂ + O₂ + 20 vol % CO₂ + CO, with variable CO (0.1–5 vol %) and O₂ (0.5–10 vol %) contents. After adding CO into a gas phase, potentials of all electrodes shift, to one degree or another. The shift is substantially affected by the O₂ content. The electrochemical systems under study are of some interest for analyzing partial pressures of CO in gas mixtures. The discovered effect must be taken into account when employing such electrodes for the determination of partial concentrations of other components of a gas mixture, for example, oxygen.     

On the perception of similarity among talkers

A listener who recognizes a talker notices characteristic attributes of the talker's speech despite the novelty of each utterance. Accounts of talker perception have often presumed that consistent aspects of an individual's speech, termed indexical properties, are ascribable to a talker's unique anatomy or consistent vocal posture distinct from acoustic correlates of phonetic contrasts. Accordingly, the perception of a talker is acknowledged to occur independently of the perception of a linguistic message. Alternatively, some studies suggest that attention to attributes of a talker includes indexical linguistic attributes conveyed in the articulation of consonants and vowels. This investigation sought direct evidence of attention to phonetic attributes of speech in perceiving talkers. Natural samples and sinewave replicas derived from them were used in three experiments assessing the perceptual properties of natural and sine-wave sentences; of temporally veridical and reversed natural and sine-wave sentences; and of an acoustic correlate of vocal tract scale to judgments of sine-wave talker similarity. The results revealed that the subjective similarity of individual talkers is preserved in the absence of natural vocal quality; and that local phonetic segmental attributes as well as global characteristics of speech can be exploited when listeners notice characteristics of talkers.