On paving matroids and a generalization of MDS codes

We define a class of codes that corresponds to a class of matroids called paving matroids. This class of codes includes maximum-distance-separable (MDS) codes, and some other interesting codes such as the (12,6) ternary Golay code. Some basic properties of these codes are established using techniques from matroid theory. Our results raise a natural existence question to which we obtain partial answers using known results about the non-existence of Steiner systems of the type S(t–1,t,2t).     

Speckle interferometry

Illumination of a rough surface by a coherent monochromatic wave creates a grainy structure in space termed a speckle pattern. It was considered a special kind of noise and was the bane of holographers. However, its information-carrying property was soon discovered and the phenomenon was used for metrological applications. The realization that a speckle pattern carried information led to a new measurement technique known as speckle interferometry (SI). Although the speckle phenomenon in itself is a consequence of interference among numerous randomly dephased waves, a reference wave is required in SI. Further, it employs an imaging geometry. Initially SI was performed mostly by using silver emulsions as the recording media. The double-exposure specklegram was filtered to extract the desired information. Since SI can be configured so as to be sensitive to the in-plane displacement component, the out-of-plane displacement component or their derivatives, the interferograms corresponding to these were extracted from the specklegram for further analysis. Since the speckle size can be controlled by the F number of the imaging lens, it was soon realized that SI could be performed with electronic detection, thereby increasing its accuracy and speed of measurement. Furthermore, a phase-shifting technique can also be incorporated. This technique came to be known as electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). It employed the same experimental configurations as SI. ESPI found many industrial applications as it supplements holographic interferometry. We present three examples covering diverse areas. In one application it has been used to measure residual stress in a blank recordable compact disk. In another application, microscopic ESPI has been used to study the influence of relative humidity on paint-coated figurines and also the effect of a conservation agent applied on top of this. The final application is to find the defects in pipes. These diverse applications demonstrate the power of this technique.     

Reflection multiple beam wedge plate shear interferometry for lens testing

It is shown that a multiple beam wedge plate shear interferometry can be used to represent the lateral aberration curve of a lens more accurately. For larger shear, some new artifacts appear in the interferogram which have been explained by considering contributions of higher order terms in the Taylor’s series expansion of the path Lunction.     

Highly efficient (R-X-R)-type carbamates as molecular transporters for cellular delivery

The (R-X-R) motif-containing arginine-rich peptides are among the most effective cell-penetrating peptides. The replacement of amide linkages in the (R-X-R) motif by carbamate linkages as in (r-ahx-r)(4) or (r-ahx-r-r-apr-r)(2) increases the efficacy of such oligomers several-fold. Internalization of these oligomers in mammalian cell lines occurs by an energy-independent process. These oligomers show efficient delivery of biologically active plasmid DNA into CHO-K1 cells.     

CAMAC based continuous/transient digitizer for long duration discharge

With the development of fusion research, in the next generation tokamak like SST1 and ITER the tokamak discharge duration time of the order of 1000 sec is planned. At the same time acquisition of rapid changes of plasma parameters during discharge is required and this demands for higher sampling rate to acquire the data. Hence a large size of RAM (memory) is required to fulfill the above requirements but normally CAMAC based digitizer has limited on-board RAM which can be emptied only after the buffer is completely filled. Therefore, acquisition period is dependent on sampling frequency of the signal as well as on existing size of RAM. This drawback of above is overcome in this design of CAMAC based digitizer where we are using combination of FIFO memory and RAM to get continuous lossless acquisition as well as transient acquisition. This paper includes design of 4-channel CAMAC digitizer with 32 K samples RAM per channel for on-board storage and 8 K samples FIFO per channel for continuous acquisition. The module can be operated in different modes like monitoring, transient acquisition and continuous lossless acquisition with selectable sampling rate     

Interactive Fringe processing algorithm for interferogram analysis

A highly flexible algorithm for interferogram processing which enables the operator to interact with the computer at every stage, is presented. This algorithm developed on a PDP 11/23 microcomputer, uses Fortran callable subroutines based on Intellect 100 image processing hardware and a CUB R-G-B monitor. It also uses a single frame buffer of 512 x 512 x 8 pixels.This software employs a pseudo-colour mapping technique which helps the operator to select the optimum threshold values. Manual editing of the processed fringe pattern is also possible to enable removal of unwanted kinks and to connect any discontinuities. A fringe scanning subroutine is used to number the fringes and to store the peak coordinates in a data file for fringe analysis.The algorithm is employed for the analysis of an interferogram obtained from an inverting interferometer and the results are presented.     

Synthesis of Potential Bioactive Novel 7‐[2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)propyloxy]‐3‐alkyl‐4‐methylcoumarins

A series of 50 novel 7‐[2‐hydroxy‐3‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)propyloxy]‐3‐alkyl‐4‐methylcoumarins had been designed and synthesized in good to excellent yields via Cu(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction “click chemistry” of 7‐(3‐azido‐2‐hydroxypropyloxy)‐3‐alkyl‐4‐methylcoumarins with variety of acetylene derivatives. In turn, the precursor compound, that is, 7‐(3‐azido‐2‐hydroxypropyloxy)‐3‐alkyl‐4‐methylcoumarin, was synthesized by condensation of epichlorohydrin with 7‐hydroxy‐3‐alkyl‐4‐methylcoumarins followed by opening of the epoxide ring in the resulted 7‐epoxymethoxy‐3‐alkyl‐4‐methylcoumarins with sodium azide. All the synthesized compounds were unambiguously identified on the basis of their spectral data analyses (IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR spectra, and HRMS).     

One-step method for synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline 3-oxides by reaction of a 2-aminoaryl ketone with a hydroxamic acid using Zn(OTf)2 as the catalyst

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline 3-oxides by reaction of a hydroxamic acid with 2-aminoaryl ketones using zinc(II) triflate as the catalyst is described.     

Location Matters: Site of Conjugation Modulates Stability and Pharmacokinetics of Antibody Drug Conjugates

1. Download : Download high-res image (301KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Site-specific conjugation of diverse payloads can be achieved with transglutaminase ? Efficient conjugation was achieved at multiple positions throughout an antibody ? Site of conjugation has significant impact on ADC stability and pharmacokinetics ? Differences in ADC stability and pharmacokinetics are species dependent     

ContributionsOn binary k-paving matroids and Reed-Muller codes

A matroid M of rank r k is k-paving if all of its circuits have cardinality exceeding r − k. In this paper, we develop some basic results concerning k-paving matroids and their connections with codes. Also, we determine all binary 2-paving matroids.