Conoideoxime A,antibacterial bis-oxime prenyl-tryptophan dimer from the whitefly pathogenic fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata BCC 76664

Conoideoxime A (1), a prenyl-tryptophan dimer possessing bis-oxime functionality, was isolated from cultures of the whitefly pathogenic fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata BCC 76664. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. It displayed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 3.13, 6.25, and 6.25?μg/mL, respectively.     

Seco‐Tremulanes from Cultures of the Basidiomycete Flavodon flavus BCC 17421

A new seco‐tremulane, 11,12‐epoxy‐5,6‐secotremula‐1,6(13)‐dien‐5,12‐olide ( 1 ), was isolated together with the known compounds, conocenolides A ( 2 ) and B ( 3 ), tremulenediol A ( 4 ), tremulenolide A ( 5 ), and two lanostane triterpenoids, trametenolic acid B ( 6 ), and pinicolic acid A ( 7 ), from cultures of the basidiomycete Flavodon flavus BCC 17421. Interconversion of conocenolides A/B was demonstrated. Compound 1 exhibited weak cytotoxic activities, whereas tremulenediol A showed antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ 8.6 μg/ml). Pinicolic acid A exhibited activity against herpes simplex virus type‐1 (IC₅₀ 15 μg/ml) as well as cytotoxic activities.     

Pleosporin A,an antimalarial cyclodepsipeptide from an elephant dung fungus (BCC 7069)

Cyclodepsipeptides SCH 217048 (1), SCH 218157 (2), and a new analog, pleosporin A (3), were isolated from cultures of an unidentified elephant dung fungus of the family Pleosporaceae. The structure of 3 was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic interpretation. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined by chiral column HPLC analysis and Marfey’s method. Cyclodepsipeptides 1–3 exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 with respective IC₅₀ values of 1.6, 6.4, and 1.6 μg/mL, while they did not show cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 cell-lines or non-cancerous Vero cells at 50 μg/mL.     

Dynamically adaptive tree grid modeling for simulation and visualization of rainwater overland flow

Modeling and visualization of a rainwater overland flow is an important tool for a risk assessment, preparation, evacuation planning, and real‐time forecasting of flood warning. The objective of this research is to develop a numerical software to visualize the rainwater overland flow based on a finite volume method for shallow water equations and in combination with the dynamically adaptive tree grid technique and the dynamic domain‐defining method. The obtained simulations for several experiments were tested and compared with results in literature, both theoretical and experimental results. The comparisons with non‐adaptive grids show that the developed algorithm for simulation is very efficient and has a potential for practical usages, in terms of computational times and accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Poronitins A and B, 4-pyrone and 4-pyridone derivatives from the elephant dung fungus Poronia gigantea

New 4-pyrone and 4-pyridone derivatives, poronitins A (1) and B (2), and a new isocoumarin, 3,4-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-methyleneisochromen-1-one (3), were isolated from cultures of the elephant dung fungus, Poronia gigantea. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the NMR and MS data. Poronitin A (1) and known (R)-5-methylmellein were detected in all cultures (4 strains) of P. gigantea, which suggested that these metabolites maybe useful as chemotaxonomic markers.     

Pimarane diterpenes from the endophytic fungus Eutypella sp. BCC 13199

Two new pimarane-type diterpenes, eutypellones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Eutypella sp. BCC 13199. Cytotoxic activities of the pimaranes 1-5, isolated from this fungus, were evaluated.     

Maleic anhydride and chromone derivatives from the endophytic fungus BCC 54265 (Botryosphaeriaceae)

A maleic anhydride derivative, botryoanhydride (1), and a chromone derivative, botryochromone (2), together with three known chromones, eugenitin (3), 6-hydroxymethyleugenin (4) and 6-methoxymethyleugenin (5), were isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus BCC 54265 of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR, HRMS and CD data. Compound 2 showed weak cytotoxic activity to cancer cell-lines.     

Unique diketopiperazine dimers from the insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC 1449

[structure: see text]. Vertihemiptellides A (1) and B (2), unique diketopiperazine dimers, were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC 1449. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR and mass spectral analysis, and the stereochemistry of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The absolute stereochemistry of bisdethiodi(methylthio)-1-demethylhyalodendrin (3), previously isolated from the same fungus, was revised to the (3R,6R) configuration.     

Dipterocarpol in Oleoresin of Dipterocarpus alatus Attributed to Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Effect

Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don is widely found in Southeast Asia. Its oleo-resin has reportedly been used in biodiesel production. Two different biodiesel production processes produce resinous byproducts, namely degumming (DG) and distillation (DT). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified sesquiterpenes and triterpenes in oleo-resin, DG, and DT; and long-chain hydrocarbons in oleo-resin. High-performance liquid chromatography detected dipterocarpol as a marker compound, with the highest to lowest amounts detected in DG, DT, and oleo-resin, respectively. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT exerted more cytotoxicity than dipterocarpol, and melphalan, a chemotherapeutic drug. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT exerted cytotoxicity to a different degree in T cell leukemia (Jurkat), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, while the highest selectivity was found in the Jurkat cells compared to the non-cancer Vero cells. Dipterocarpol exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and the lowest cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. In oleo-resin, DG, and DT, dipterocarpol and other compounds may act in synergy leading to cytotoxicity and an apoptosis-inducing effect. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT could be potential sources for anticancer agents. Dipterocarpol could serve as a biomarker for follow ups on the anticancer activity of a sample from D. alatus.     

Lanostane triterpenoids from the edible mushroom Astraeus asiaticus

Seven new lanostane triterpenoids, astraeusins M–Q (1–5), 26-epi-artabotryol C1 (6), and 26-epi-astrasiaone (7), together with seventeen known compounds (8–24), were isolated from the food mushroom Astraeus asiaticus. The C-26 configuration of artabotriol C1 and astrasiaone, originally reported as 26R (6 and 7, respectively), was revised to be 26S (16 and 17, respectively). Astraeusin M (1) exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 with an IC₅₀ value of 3.0 μg/mL.