BINDING, EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER AND PHOTOSENSITIZATION IN GRISEOFULVIN-DNA MIXTURES

Abstract— The weak and reversible binding of the antifungal drug, griseofulvin (GF), to calf thymus DNA has been demonstrated by difference spectroscopy and the quenching of the fluorescence of GF by DNA observed. The value of K _n was determined to be 800 M ^-1by fluorescence quenching titration. Adenosine and guanosine also exhibit difference spectra with GF and quench GF fluorescence indicating that they may be the site of both binding and energy transfer. The in vitro photosensitization of DNA by griseofulvin is shown to occur. It is proposed that the clinically observed in vivo photosensitizing action of griseofulvin may result from binding followed by excitation energy transfer and that this may also be important in the antifungal activity of the drug.     

Comparative study of spectroscopic techniques for the estimation of iron in apple and vegetables

Iron has been determined in apple and vegetables spectrophotometrically, by complexing it with xylenol orange. 1:1 complex formed in a highly acidic medium is measured for its absorbance at its λ_max of 585 nm. The results have been compared by employing atomic absorption technique. Apples and vegetable samples were collected from local markets of Pakistan. Statistical manipulations, t-test and F-test, were performed and it was found that the results from the two techniques have an excellent agreement.     

Self-collimation in photonic crystals with anisotropic constituents

In a photonic crystal composed of anisotropic constituents we quantify the range of input angles and the degree of collimation of the beam inside the crystal. The optical properties of a photobleached 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST) crystal are used in our model to demonstrate the efficacy of the self-collimation features.     

On virtual pathwidth of virtual graphs of a virtual link

The geometric representation of a knot is not too dissimilar from a graph and this interaction has helped mathematicians to solve many problems. In this paper, we apply graph theory tools to study the classification of virtual knots and links. We define virtual planar graphs and compute virtual path width of an associated graph of a virtual link. We show that the virtual path width of an associated graph is equal to the virtual bridge number of a pseudo prime knot.     

Submanifolds of generalized $$(k,\mu )$$-space-forms

In this paper, we have studied submanifolds especially, totally umbilical submanifolds of generalized \((k,\mu )\)-space-forms. We have found a necessary and sufficient condition for such submanifolds to be either invariant or anti-invariant. It is also shown that every totally umbilical submanifold of a generalized \((k,\mu )\)-space-form is a pseudo quasi-Einstein manifold.     

Characterization of nano-composite oxide ceramics and monitoring of oxide thin film growth by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Multi-component oxide ceramics and epitaxial oxide thin films are analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Furthermore, pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) of thin films is investigated by long-term monitoring of the optical plasma emission. Both nano-composite high-temperature superconductors (HTS) consisting of YBa₂Cu₃O_7 − δ bulk and Y₂Ba₄MCuO_x (M-2411, M = Ag, Nb) nano-particles, and semiconducting ZnO doped with Aluminum and Lithium are ablated by nano-second laser pulses. The plasma emission is recorded using grating spectrometers with intensified gated detectors. The LIBS signals of nano-particles correlate with the nominal content of the M-2411 phase (0–15 mol%) and reveal a strong signal of Ytterbium impurity (3–35 ppm). In situ monitoring of the PLD process shows element signals that are stable for more than 10,000 laser pulses for both HTS and ZnO ceramics. The relative concentration of elements in thin films and ceramics as determined by LIBS is almost the same.     

Glutaric Acid Assisted Fabrication of CuO Nanostructures and their Application in Development of Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor System for Carbamates

This work describes the fabrication of unique arrow head shaped CuO nanostructures using simple hydrothermal treatment method. The highly attractive features were obtained by the application of glutaric acid utilised simultaneous as template and functionalising agent. The functionalised nanostructures were known to possess excellent potential towards the electro‐catalytic oxidation of carbofuran pesticide. The generated intense electrochemical signal with lower potential value enabled sensitive and selective determination of carbofuran up to 1×10^?3 µM with wide sensing window in range of 0.01 to 0.16 µM. The feasibility of the developed sensor system for the practical application was also studied by testing its potential in real sample extracts of various vegetables. The excellent recoveries demonstrated the analytical robustness of the developed sensor system. The sensor system utilises a new and simple approach towards sensitive determination of toxic pesticides reflecting its wide spectrum application in various fields.     

The boundary element method in contiguous domains

As an example of a problem involving two finite contiguous domains, the boundary element method is used to compute the eddy current density in a conductor subjected to a transverse magnetic field.     

B.-Y. Chen’s Inequality for Bi-warped Products and Its Applications in Kenmotsu manifolds

In this paper, we establish a sharp inequality for the squared norm of the second fundamental form of bi-warped product submanifolds of Kenmotsu manifolds. The equality case is also considered. We also provide a non-trivial example and some applications of derived inequality.     

Are multi-criteria decision-making tools useful? An experimental comparative study of three methods

Many decision makers still question the usefulness of multi-criteria decision-making methods and prefer to rely on intuitive decisions. In this study we evaluated a number of multi-criteria decision-making tools for their usefulness using incentive-based experiments, which is a novel approach in operations research but common in psychology and experimental economics. In this experiment the participants were asked to compare five coffee shops to win a voucher for their best-rated shop. We found that, although the usefulness of different multi-criteria decision-making tools varied to some extent, all the tools were found to be useful in the sense that, when they decided to change their ranking, they followed the recommendation of the multi-criteria decision-making tool. Moreover, the level of inconsistency in the judgements provided had no significant effect on the usefulness of these tools.