Catalytic Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether to Dimethoxymethane over Cs Modified HaPW12O40/SiO2 Catalysts

The attractive utilization route for one-step catalytic oxidation of dimethyl ether to dimethoxymethane was successfully carried out over the H3PW12O40（40%）/SiO2 catalyst, modified by Cs, K, Ni, and V. The Cs modification of H3PW12O40（40%）/SiO2 gave the most promising result of 20% dimethyl ether conversion and 34.8% dimethoxymethane selectivity. Dimethoxymethane could be synthe- sized via methoxy groups decomposed from dimethyl ether through the synergistic effect between the acid sites and the redox sites of Cs modified H3PW12O40（40%）/SiO2.     

Boosting the synthesis of value-added aromatics directly from syngas via a Cr2O3 and Ga doped zeolite capsule catalyst

Even though the transformation of syngas into aromatics has been realized via a methanol-mediated tandem process, the low product yield is still the bottleneck, limiting the industrial application of this technology. Herein, a tailor-made zeolite capsule catalyst with Ga doping and SiO₂ coating was combined with the methanol synthesis catalyst Cr₂O₃ to boost the synthesis of value-added aromatics, especially para-xylene, from syngas. Multiple characterization studies, control experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results clarified that Ga doped zeolites with strong CO adsorption capability facilitated the transformation of the reaction intermediate methanol by optimizing the first C–C coupling step under a high-pressure CO atmosphere, thereby driving the reaction forward for aromatics synthesis. This work not only reveals the synergistic catalytic network in the tandem process but also sheds new light on principles for the rational design of a catalyst in terms of oriented conversion of syngas.

The single-pass conversion of syngas into para-xylene was realized using a bifunctional catalyst Cr₂O₃/Ga-ZSM-5@SiO₂. The Ga species facilitates the methanol consumption process by C–C coupling optimization, enhancing the yield of the target aromatics.     

浆态床合成二甲醚复合催化剂失活原因探索

在反应温度260 ℃、压力5.0 MPa的条件下,对浆态床反应器中二甲醚合成复合催化剂的失活规律进行了研究.结果表明,Cu基催化剂失活较快是导致浆态床二甲醚合成催化剂不稳定的主要原因.通过分析Cu基催化剂在浆态床反应器和固定床反应器中的活性变化规律,发现在浆态床反应器中不能及时导出反应体系的H2O对催化剂的毒副作用导致了浆态床Cu基催化剂快速失活.对失活催化剂进行的TPR、XRD和SEM-EDS表征结果可以看出,Cu粒子的长大和积炭是Cu基催化剂失活的重要原因,与已有文献报道不同的是并未发现明显的Cu元素流失.     

Facile Synthesis of Proton-Type ZSM-5 by Using Quasi-Solid-Phase (QSP) Method

Herein, a simple and green quasi-solid-phase (QSP) method for facile synthesis of proton-type ZSM-5 avoiding use of excessive water, dry gel, Na⁺ cation and fluoride is reported. Crystallization by using the stoichiometric amount of TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) at 180 °C for only 12 h gave well-structured HZSM-5 crystals with high specific surface area of 429 m² g⁻¹ and high thermal stability. 5MRs was observed to closely relate the formation of MFI structure and QSP method exhibits shorter induction period (t₀), higher nucleation rate (V_n), and faster growth rate (V_g). Moreover, HZ-12–180 showed extremely better and rather stable catalytic activity for methanol-to-propylene reaction by comparison with commercial HZSM-5.     

Multiple-functional capsule catalysts: a tailor-made confined reaction environment for the direct synthesis of middle isoparaffins from syngas

A capsule catalyst for isoparaffin synthesis based on Fischer-Tropsch reaction was designed by coating a H-ZSM-5 membrane onto the surface of the pre-shaped Co/SiO(2) pellet. Morphological and chemical analysis showed that the capsule catalyst had a core-shell structure. A compact, integral shell of H-ZSM-5 crystallized firmly on the Co/SiO(2) substrate without crack. Syngas passed through the zeolite membrane to reach the Co/SiO(2) catalyst to be converted, and all hydrocarbons formed with straight chain structure must enter the zeolite channels to undergo hydrocracking as well as isomerization in this tailor-made confined reaction environment. A narrow, anti-Anderson-Schultz-Flory law product distribution was observed on these capsule catalysts. Contrary to a mechanical mixture of H-ZSM-5 and Co/SiO(2), C(10+) hydrocarbons were suppressed completely on this novel capsule catalyst, and the selectivity of middle isoparaffins was considerably improved. The carbon number distribution of the products depended on the thickness of the zeolite membrane, and it was possible to selectively synthesize specified distillates, such as gasoline-range, or heavier hydrocarbons from syngas directly, by simply adjusting the thickness of the zeolite membrane of the capsule catalyst. This kind of capsule catalysts can be extended to various consecutive reaction systems as the shell and core components are independent catalysts for different reactions. At the same time, shape selectivity and space-confined effects can be expected for the reactant, intermediates and product of the sequential reactions.     

New process of low-temperature methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 based on dual-catalysis

A new process of low-temperature methanol synthesis from CO/CO₂/H₂ based on dual-catalysis has been developed. Some alcohols, especially 2-alcohol, were found to have high catalytic promoting effect on the synthesis of methanol from CO hydrogenation. At 443 K and 5 MPa, the synthesis of methanol could process high effectively, resulting from the synergic catalysis of Cu/ZnO solid catalyst and 2-alcohol solvent catalyst. The primary results showed that when 2-butanol was used as reaction solvent, the one-pass average yield and the selectivity of methanol, in 40 h continuous reaction at temperature as low as 443 K and 5 MPa, were high up to 46.51% and 98.94% respectively. The catalytic activity was stable and the reaction temperature was 80 K or so lower than that in current industry synthesis process. This new process hopefully will become a practical method for methanol synthesis at low temperature.     

ZnCr基催化剂煅烧温度对异丁醇合成性能的影响

研究了煅烧温度对ZnCr基催化剂合成异丁醇性能的影响。结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,催化剂的活性和产物分布都发生了较大的变化。催化剂在较低的温度下煅烧,液相产物中醇主要是甲醇和异丁醇;在较高的温度下煅烧,液相产物醇的分布符合A-S-F方程。用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS等技术手段对催化剂织构参数、体相结构、还原性能、表面组成进行表征。结果表明,在300℃煅烧时,催化剂中的ZnO和Cr₂O₃未完全形成非计量尖晶石Zn_xCr_2/3(1-x)O;400℃煅烧时,催化剂中形成了最多量非计量尖晶石Zn_xCr_2/3(1-x)O;当煅烧温度高于400℃时,随着煅烧温度进一步升高,非计量尖晶石Zn_xCr_2/3(1-x)O逐步发生了分解,生成了更多量的ZnO和Cr₂O₃,导致催化剂的活性随之下降。进一步证明了非计量尖晶石Zn_xCr_2/3(1-x)O是该催化反应活性相。     

Design of a zeolite capsule catalyst by controlling the support size for the direct synthesis of isoparaffin

Three kinds of H-ZSM-5 zeolite capsule catalysts were prepared on Co/SiO₂ catalyst pellets of different sizes. Characterization of the catalysts indicated that a defect-free H-ZSM-5 membrane had been constructed successfully on the Co/SiO₂ surface. The smaller Co/SiO₂ pellets were favorable for zeolite capsule growth under the same synthesis conditions. Zeolite capsule catalysts, especially the catalysts with smaller pellet sizes, had a higher isoparaffin selectivity compared with conventional FTS Co/SiO₂ catalyst and mixed catalyst of Co/SiO₂ with H-ZSM-5 zeolite.     

Zn助剂对铁基催化剂费托合成制低碳烯烃性能的影响

低碳烯烃(C2=–C4=)是十分重要的基础化工原料,目前主要采用热裂解或催化裂解石脑油、蜡油等工艺路线生产。近年来,针对全球范围的石油危机及我国富煤贫油这一基本的国情,以煤、天然气(页岩气)和生物质等丰厚的碳资源,经合成气制取低碳烯烃的工艺路线备受关注。其中,合成气经由甲醇或二甲醚间接制取烯烃技术(MTO/MTP)已经工业化;与之相比,费托合成直接生产低碳烯烃(FTO)工艺流程短、投资和操作费用低,具有良好的工业发展前景。目前,费托合成催化剂活性组分的研究主要集中于Fe, Co, Ni和Ru等元素,其中Fe基催化剂具有较高低碳烯烃选择性、较低甲烷选择性和制造廉价等优势,更适合于FTO反应。最近,人们大多聚焦于对负载型铁基催化剂的研究,但传统非负载型铁催化剂由于其制备简单、价格低廉,仍然具有巨大的开发前景。近来,我们组报道了采用微波水热法制备的Zr助剂改性Fe-Zr催化剂应用于CO加氢研究,提高了催化剂的活性,与传统Mn改性铁基催化剂相比, CO2选择性明显降低。目前,已有研究小组对Zn助剂提高铁基催化剂烯烃选择性进行报道,但反应过程中的严重积碳问题却少有研究。我们在Fe-Zr催化剂的基础上,进一步研究了Zn助剂在提高铁基催化剂低碳烯烃选择性、改善产物分布和降低反应过程积碳方面的作用。
　　我们分别采用微波水热法和浸渍法对铁基催化剂进行了Zn改性,并将其用于费托合成制取低碳烯烃反应。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附(BET)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术手段对催化剂的物理和化学性质进行了表征。结果表明,两种方法改性后的铁基催化剂具有高低碳烯烃选择性和稳定性,重质烃(C5+)含量降低,且保持低CO2选择性。此外,采用两种方法Zn改性的铁基催化剂展现出了不同的特性。 XRD结果表明,反应前两种方法制备的样品α-Fe2O3物相晶粒大小均为15–18 nm,反应后浸渍法制备的样品对应物相(ZnFe2O4)晶粒大小约为25 nm、而微波水热法制备的样品约为20 nm,说明微波水热法改性的催化剂有效分散了Fe活性组分; H2-TPR结果显示,两种Zn助剂加入方法对催化剂Fe组分的还原行为有不同程度影响,体现了活性组分间不同的相互作用; XPS结果表明, Zn助剂改变了催化剂Fe活性位的化学性质,在微波水热法制得催化剂的表面Zn含量更低、分散度更高,而Zn助剂的加入对Zr组分没有明显影响。所有催化剂经200 h在线活性测试后,采用传统浸渍法制备的催化剂表面有大量积碳生成;而采用微波水热改性铁基催化剂积碳量明显减少,表现出更高的催化活性与稳定性。