Reaction of NaBiO3 with Ba2+ Ions in an Alkaline Medium

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The reaction of NaBiO3·nH2O with Ba2+ ions in an alkaline medium has been studied using X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis methods. Dark green...     

The shear modulus of the human vocal fold in a transverse direction

The aim of this study was to measure the shear modulus of the vocal fold in a human hemilarynx, such that the data can be related to direction of applied stress and anatomical context. Dynamic spring rate data were collected using a modified linear skin rheometer using human hemilarynges, and converted to estimated shear modulus via application of a simple shear model. The measurement probe was attached to the epithelial layer of the vocal fold cover using suction. A sinusoidal force of 3g was applied to the epithelium, and the resultant displacement logged at a rate of 1kHz. Force measurement accuracy was 20microg and position measurement accuracy was 4microm. The force was applied in a transverse direction at the midmembranous point between the vocal process and the anterior commissure. The shear modulus of the three female vocal folds ranged from 814 to 1232Pa. The shear modulus of the three male vocal folds ranged from 1021 to 1796Pa. These data demonstrate that it is possible to obtain estimates for the shear modulus of the vocal fold while preserving anatomical context. The modulus values reported here are higher than those reported using parallel plate rheometry. This is to be expected as the tissue is attached to surrounding structures, and is under natural tension.     

Role of Oxygen in the Formation of Perovskite-Like Oxides of the BamBim+nOy Homologous Series (m = 1–9; n = 0–3, 5, 7, 9)

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The effect of synthesis conditions on the phase composition and valence state of bismuth in perovskite-like oxides of the BamBim+nOy (m = 1–9; n =...