Novel siloxane polymers as polymer electrolytes for high energy density lithium batteries

A variety of disubstituted (double-comb) polysiloxane polymers have been prepared containing linear, branched, and cyclic oligoethyleneoxide units, –(OCH₂CH₂)_n–, in the side chains and as part of the siloxane backbone. Copolymers, using mixtures of linear ethylene oxide side chains, were also synthesized. These polymers were doped with LiN(SO₂CF₃)₂ (LiTFSI, 1) and conductivities of the polymer-salt complexes were determined as a function of temperature and doping level. The maximum conductivity of these polymers at 25 ° C was 2.99 ×10^–4, for a copolymer containing equimolar amounts of side chains with n = 5 and 6.     

Fabrication of a Single Layer and Bilayer Potentiometric Biosensors for Penicillin by Galvanostatic Entrapment of Penicillinase into Polypyrrole Films

A single layer and bilayer potentiometric biosensors for the detection of penicillin have been developed. The favourable conditions that were established for the polypyrrole‐penicillinase ((PPy‐P’nase) single layer biosensor were 0.03 M pyrrole, 50 U/mL P’nase, 0.01 M penicillin, applied current density of 0.9 mA/cm² and a polymerisation time of 40 s. The optimum conditions for the formation of the outer layer of the bilayer were: (a) 0.1 M Py, 19 U/mL P’nase, 0.01 M pen, current density of 0.9 mA/cm² and a polymerisation time of 40 s. The minimum detectable penicillin concentration with the bilayer potentiometric biosensor was 0.3 µM and the linear concentration range was 7.5–146 µM. The average percentage recovery of penicillin that was found in amoxycillin 500 mg was 113±24 %. The determination of penicillin in milk was fraught with problems of non‐specific binding of penicillin to the milk.     

Measurement of energy spectra of charged particles emitted after the absorption of stopped negative pions in carbon

Energy spectra of charged particles (protons, deuterons, tritons, ³He, ⁴He and lithium nuclei) emitted after the absorption of stopped negative pions in a thin polyethylene target of 20 mg/cm² have been measured with high accuracy from the experimental threshold energy (of about 0.5 MeV) up to the kinematical limit of about 100 MeV.     

Energy spectra of neutrons emitted following the absorption of stopped negative pions in light nuclei

Energy spectra of neutrons emitted following the absorption of stopped negative pions in carbon, nitrogen and oxygen were measured from about 2.5 MeV up to the kinematical limit. The experiments were carried out at the biomedical pion channel πE3 of the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (SIN). The evaporation part of the spectra was extrapolated to zero energy using the formula of Le Couteur. Various parameters like mean neutron energies and neutron multiplicities are given. The data are compared with experimental data obtained by other authors and with results of intranuclear cascade calculations.