Mechanism for the formation and structure of the iodoplatination product of propargyl acid in the Pt(IV)-I−-H2O system

Propargyl alcohol in aqueous Pt(IV) iodide solutions at 10–15°C gives the product of the addition of Pt^IV and iodide to the triple bond, isolated as Pt^IV(CH=Cl-CH₂OH)₂I₂(CH₃OH). The vinyl ligands in this complex are in cis position. The complex decomposes at 80°C to give E,E-2,5-diiodo-2,4-hexadiene-1,6-diol and PtI₂. The E, E structure of the diene indicates trans addition of Pt^IV and I^– to the alkyne in the iodoplatination steps.L. M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 70 R. Lyuksemburg St., 340114 Donetsk, Ukraine. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 234–237, July–August, 1996. Original article submitted October 17, 1995.     

Mechanism of the catalytic action of the mechanoactivated salt K2PTCL4 in the gas-phase hydrochlorination of acetylene

A heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrochlorination of acetylene by gaseous HCl is formed as a result of mechanical treatment of the solid salt K₂PtCl₄ in an atmosphere of acetylene, ethylene, or propylene by the formation of π complexes of platinum(II) as active centers in the surface layer under these conditions. The controlling stage of the catalytic reaction is chloroplatination of the π-coordinated acetylene by the HCl molecule. The reaction takes place as a concerted process, in which an intermediate β-chlorovinyl derivative of platinum(II), a complex of platinum with a coordination vacancy[PtCl ₃ ^* ]⁻, and a new molecule of HCl are formed simultaneously with cleavage of the H—Cl and Pt—Cl bonds in the metal complex adjacent to the π-acetylene complex. The catalytic cycle closes with rapid dissociation of the organoplatinum intermediate by the action of HCl, giving the final product and the initial complex [PtCl₄]²⁻. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 306–311, September–October, 2006.     

Formation and Decomposition of the Methylplatinum(IV) Complex in the Mechanically Activated K2PtCl4 Powder–MeI Vapor System

Mechanical treatment of the K₂PtCl₄ solid salt in a vibrating mill results in Pt–Cl bond heterolysis to form coordinatively unsaturated Pt(II) complexes. At room temperature, the freshly treated K₂PtCl₄ salt absorbs methyl bromide and evolves methyl chloride to the gas phase. The reaction mechanism involves the following sequence of steps: the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to Pt(II) with the intermediate formation of Pt(IV) methyl complexes and the decomposition of the latter due to intramolecular reductive elimination with methyl chloride formation. The first step of the reaction of MeI with the preactivated surface of the K₂PtCl₄ salt is assisted by active sites, which are regenerated in each act of the chemical transformation of MeI into MeCl involving in the chain substitution of halogen in methyl iodide. The coordinatively unsaturated surface platinum complexes can act as such active sites. Due to their effective positive charge, they can provide electrophilic assistance to nucleophilic substitution. Chain termination is probably due to the coordination of the complex with a coordination vacancy and an interstitial chloride ion to the inactive K₂PtCl₄ complex.     

Production of Alcohols and Olefins from CO and H2 on a Cobalt Catalyst at High Pressures and in the Gas Circulation Mode

Kinetics and Catalysis - The results of a study of the synthesis of products from CO and H2 on a supported industrial Co–Al2O3/SiO2 catalyst under medium and high pressures in the gas...     

Stereo- and Regioselective Functionalization of Alkynes Catalyzed by Platinum(IV) and Palladium(II) Complexes in the System I--I3--H2O/MeOH

Activation of the CÍÄC bond in acetylenic hydrocarbons, catalyzed by iodide complexes of platinum(IV), and the subsequent CÄC coupling reaction make it possible to synthesize 1,4-diiodo-substituted dienes with high stereo- and regioselectivity. The reaction involves intermediate formation of bis--vinyl platinum(IV) complexes which can be isolated in the pure state. Under similar conditions palladium(II) complexes catalyze iodine addition to acetylene.     

Catalytic hydrochlorination of acetylene on PdCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>/C supported catalysts: Kinetic isotopic effect of HCl/DCl,stereoselectivity, and mechanism

Two routes of catalytic hydrochlorination of acetylene were found by the isotopic label method for systems with supported palladium K₂PdCl₄/C and Н₂PdCl₄/C catalysts: with formation of the products of syn- and anti-addition of the H(D)Cl molecule to the triple bond of acetylene. Two isotopic effects that differ in magnitude were determined for these systems from the reaction kinetics and the ratio of the yields of the nondeuterated and monodeuterated isotopomers of the product, which are due to the participation of the H(D)Cl molecule in the two reaction stages: limiting chloropalladation and rapid protodemetallation. The effective activation energies and kinetic isotope effects coincided within the experimental errors, which suggests that the reaction mechanisms are similar and the active centers of the catalysts in systems with K₂PdCl₄/C and Н₂PdCl₄/C are of the same nature.     

Mechanochemical Activation of Solid Salts K2PtX6 (X = Cl,Br)

Mechanochemical treatment of solid-phase K₂PtX₆ salts in a vibrating mill in an argon or air atmosphere produced paramagnetic Pt(III) complexes via the homolytic cleavage of the Pt–X bond. Lewis acid sites were found on the surface of the mechanically activated K₂PtCl₆ salt using the paramagnetic probe method. The sites can be attributed to coordinatively unsaturated Pt(IV) complexes formed via Pt–Cl bond heterolysis.