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Ornella Azzolina Simona Collina Daniela Rossi Enrica Lanza 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(7):1355-1357
The diastereoselective synthesis of naphthyl amino alcohols via nucleophilic addition to racemic 1-dimethylamino-2-methylpentan-3-one was studied. The use of the appropriate experimental conditions allowed the synthesis of both diastereoisomers. The relative configurations were established via NOESY experiments. 相似文献
3.
Ecaterina Stela Dragan Simona Schwarz 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(10):2495-2505
The formation and characterization of some interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) nanoparticles based on poly(sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate) (NaPAMPS), as a function of the polycation structure, polyanion molar mass, and polyion concentration, were followed in this work. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and two polycations (PCs) containing (N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxypropyleneammonium chloride) units in the backbone (PCA5 and PCA5D1) were used as starting polyions. The complex stoichiometry, (n?/n+)iso, was pointed out by optical density at 500 nm (OD500), polyelectrolyte titration, and dynamic light scattering. IPEC nanoparticle sizes were influenced by the polycation structure and polyanion molar mass only before the complex stoichiometry, which was higher for the more hydrophilic polycations (PCA5 and PCA5D1) and for a higher NaPAMPS molar mass, and were almost independent of these factors after that, at a flow rate of the added polyion of about 0.28 mL × (mL PC)?1 × h?1. The IPEC nanoparticle sizes remained almost constant for more than 2 weeks, both before and after the complex stoichiometry, at low concentrations of polyions. NIPECs as stable colloidal dispersions with positive charges in excess were prepared at a ratio between charges (n?/n+) of 0.7, and their storage colloidal stability, as a function of the polycation structure and polyion concentration (from 0.8 to ca. 7.8 mmol/L), was demonstrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2495–2505, 2004 相似文献
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We consider the generalization of the classical P||Cmax problem (assign n jobs to m identical parallel processors by minimizing the makespan) arising when the number of jobs that can be assigned to each processor cannot exceed a given integer k. The problem is strongly NP-hard for any fixed k > 2. We briefly survey lower and upper bounds from the literature. We introduce greedy heuristics, local search and a scatter search approach. The effectiveness of these approaches is evaluated through extensive computational comparison with a depth-first branch-and-bound algorithm that includes new lower bounds and dominance criteria. 相似文献
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Alberto Caprara Andrea Lodi Silvano Martello Michele Monaci 《Discrete Optimization》2006,3(4):317-326
We address the problem of packing a given set of rectangles into the minimum size square. We consider three versions of the problem, arising when the rectangles (i) are squares; (ii) have a fixed orientation; (iii) can be rotated by 90. For each case we study lower bounds, and analyze their worst-case performance ratio. In addition, we evaluate through computational experiments their average performance on instances from the literature. 相似文献
8.
Djaoued Y. Badilescu Simona Ashrit P.V. Bersani D. Lottici P.P. Brüning R. 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2002,24(3):247-254
TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films with varying degree of porosity have been prepared using a low temperature method. TiO2 films of the anatase form have been obtained by using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified sol-gel method. Densification and crystallization of the films was found to result from the thermal treatment of the dip coated films in boiling water. The films have been characterized by Raman, XRD, FTIR, AFM and optical methods. Highly transparent films with transmission in excess of 85% and porosity as high as 58% are formed predominantly of anatase crystallites of dimensions of the order of 5 nm. Initial results on lithium intercalation into these films resulting in an efficient optical modulation in the visible and near infrared regions demonstrate a good potential of these films for electrochromic applications. 相似文献
9.
The syntheses of several differently substituted amides formally derived from a chiral amine, either E-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cinnamic acid or both E- and Z-2-(2-hydroxynaphthyl)cinnamic acid, are reported. These molecules display a restricted rotation about the C2-Caryl bond. The barriers to rotation about the C2-Caryl bond were measured by the dynamic 1H NMR and were found to vary between 11.8 and 24.5 kcal mol−1, depending on the substitution. In particular, E-2-(2-hydroxynapthyl)cinnamic amides, displayed a high barrier to rotation (ΔGc‡=24.4 kcal mol−1) and could be isolated in both diastereomerically pure forms at room temperature. The X-ray structure of one E-2-(2-hydroxynapthyl)cinnamic amide, was resolved, enabling for the determination of the absolute configuration of the chiral axis (aR). 相似文献
10.
Ly A Bandong SL Tran NQ Sullivan KJ Milligan JR 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(27):13368-13374
Guanine bases are the most easily oxidized sites in DNA. Electron-deficient guanine species are major intermediates produced in DNA by the direct effect of ionizing radiation (ionization of the DNA itself) because of preferential hole migration within DNA to guanine bases. By using thiocyanate ions to modify the indirect effect (ionization of the solvent), we are able to produce these single-electron-oxidized guanine radical species in dilute aqueous solutions of plasmid DNA where the direct effect is negligible. The guanyl radical species produce stable modified guanine products. They can be detected in the plasmid by converting them to strand breaks after incubation with a DNA repair enzyme. If a phenol is present during irradiation, the yield of modified guanines is decreased. The mechanism is reduction of the guanine radical species by the phenol. It is possible to derive a rate constant for the reaction of the phenol with the guanyl radical. The pH dependence shows that phenolate anions are more reactive than their conjugate acids, although the difference for guanyl radicals is smaller than with other single-electron-oxidizing agents. At physiological pH values, the reduction of a guanyl radical entails the transfer of a proton in addition to the electron. The relatively small dependence of the rate constant on the driving force implies that the electron cannot be transferred before the proton. These results emphasize the potential importance of acidic tyrosine residues and the intimate involvement of protons in DNA repair. 相似文献