Long-wavelength light emission from InAs quantum dots covered by GaAsSb grown on GaAs substrates

We fabricated InAs quantum dots (QDs) with a GaAsSb strain-reducing layer (SRL) on a GaAs(0 0 1) substrate. The wavelength of emission from InAs QD is shown to be controllable by changing the composition and thickness of the SRL. An increase in photoluminescence intensity with increasing compositions of Sb and thickness of the GaAsSb SRL is also seen. The efficiency of radiative recombination was improved under both conditions because the InAs/GaAsSb/GaAs hetero-interface band structure more effectively suppressed carrier escape from the InAs QDs.     

A globally convergent Newton method for solving strongly monotone variational inequalities

Variational inequality problems have been used to formulate and study equilibrium problems, which arise in many fields including economics, operations research and regional sciences. For solving variational inequality problems, various iterative methods such as projection methods and the nonlinear Jacobi method have been developed. These methods are convergent to a solution under certain conditions, but their rates of convergence are typically linear. In this paper we propose to modify the Newton method for variational inequality problems by using a certain differentiable merit function to determine a suitable step length. The purpose of introducing this merit function is to provide some measure of the discrepancy between the solution and the current iterate. It is then shown that, under the strong monotonicity assumption, the method is globally convergent and, under some additional assumptions, the rate of convergence is quadratic. Limited computational experience indicates the high efficiency of the proposed method.     

Utilization of carbohydrates by radiation processing

Upgrading and utilization of carbohydrates such as chitosan, sodium alginate, carrageenan, cellulose, pectin have been investigated for recycling these bio-resources and reducing the environmental pollution. These carbohydrates were easily degraded by irradiation and various kinds of biological activities such as anti-microbial activity, promotion of plant growth, suppression of heavy metal stress, phytoalexins induction, etc. were induced. On the other hand, some carbohydrate derivatives, carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylstarch, could be crosslinked under certain radiation condition and produce the biodegradable hydrogel for medical and agricultural use.     

Current R & D activities at TRCRE in polymer processing by EB

The current status of the R & D activities is presented on electron beam processing of polymers being carried out at TRCRE. Topics included are sterilization of medical products, graft polymers for selective separation or absorbents and curing of liquid prepolymer-monomer systems.     

Application of negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry to the structure elucidation of perfluorochemicals and related compounds

The negative chemical ionization mass spectra of representative perfluorinated alkanes, cycloalkanes, ethers and tertiary amines have been examined, using Ar at about 0.5 torr as the reagent gas. The compounds chosen are typical of those under study as components of fluorochemical emulsion blood substitutes. Many such PFC's, particularly those with cyclic or branched structures, give intense molecular ions; most give simple spectra with a few major fragment ions at high mass, in marked contrast to the EI spectra which are dominated by m/e 69 (CF₃+) and 131 (C₃F₅+) of no value for structure elucidation. NCI-GC/MS is more sensitive than conventional EI-GC/MS and promises to be more generally useful for structure determination. Specific examples from the various classes will be presented, and their NCI and EI mass spectra compared.     

Synthesis of large macrocyclic tetraaza compounds with a methylene backbone: Cyclo[-NH- (CH2)n-]4, (n = 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). The formation of 28-, 32-, 36-, 40- and 44-membered rings

A series of macrocyclic tetraamines with 28-, 32-, 36-, 40- and 44-membered rings have been efficiently prepared from the corresponding ditosylamide and monobromoalcohol derivatives in 6 steps via a double condensation reaction. Overall yields were: 41, 41, 46, 29, and 33%, respectively, for 1,8,15,22-tetraazacyclooctacontane ( 11a ), 1,9,17,25-tetraazacyclodotriacontane ( 11b ), 1,10,19,28-tetraazacyclohexatriacontane ( 11c ), 1,11,21,31-tetraazacyclotetracontane ( 11d ) and 1,12,23,34-tetraazacyclotetratetracontane ( 11e ).     

In Situ Processing of Nano Crystalline Oxide Particles/Polymer Hybrid

Nano sized crystalline particles/polymer hybrids were synthesized form designed metal-organic precursors. The newly developed method is composed of the synthesis of organic matrix by polymerization and the in situ nucleation and growth of crystalline oxide particles in the organic matrix below 100°C. The design of metal-organic precursor modified with polymerizable ligand and the selection of reaction conditions does influence the size and crystallinity of ceramic particles in organic matrix. The nano-sized magnetic particle/polymer hybrid exhibits the interesting feature of superparamagnetism and quantum size effect. The crystalline particles of BaTiO₃/, PbTiO₃/, and KNbO₃/polymer hybrids behave to be dielectric and show the typical electro-rheological behavior.     

Prolonged release of drug from triacetyl-β-CyD complex for oral and rectal administration

Triacetyl--cyclodextrin (TA--CyD), a hydrophobic cyclodextrin derivative, that is insoluble in water, was used to form a complex with flufenamic acid (FA). FA-TA--CyD complex formation was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. The release rate of FA from the FA-TA--CyD complexes in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was significantly retarded compared to that of FA from the FA and glucose mixture. When the FA-TA--CyD complexes were administered directly into the intraduodenal lumen, the plasma concentration of FA remained at a plateau level (10-18 g/ml) for 6–8 h. An increased mean residence time of FA following FA-TA--CyD complexes administration was observed. These results indicate that TA--CyD may serve as a hydrophobic carrier in prolonged-release preparations of FA.     

Palladium-catalyzed aminoallylation of activated olefins with allylic halides and phthalimide

The three-component aminoallylation reaction of the activated olefins 2 with the phthalimide 1a and allyl chloride proceeded very smoothly in the presence of Pd(2)dba(3).CHCl(3) (5 mol %)/P(4-FC(6)H(4))(3) (40 mol %) and Cs(2)CO(3) (3 equiv against 2) in dichloromethane at room temperature to give the corresponding aminoallylated products, N-pent-4-enylphthalimides 3, in 58-99% yields. The reaction of oxazolidinone 1b also proceeded very smoothly to give N-(2,2-dicyano-1-phenylpent-4-enyl)oxazolidinone in a quantitative yield; however, the Tsuji-Trost-type allylation products 4 were obtained in the case of dibenzylamine, N-tosylaniline, and pyrrolidin-2-one. Further, 2 underwent cycloaddition with N-tosylvinylaziridine 9a in the presence of Pd(2)dba(3).CHCl(3) (5 mol %)/P(4-FC(6)H(4))(3) (40 mol %) in THF at room temperature, giving the corresponding pyrrolidines 11 in 69-99% yields.