Formation of low-temperature deformation-induced segregations of nickel in Fe–Ni-based austenitic alloys

ABSTRACT

The authors present the results of an investigation in Fe–Ni-Cr austenitic alloys of the low-temperature deformation-induced segregations of nickel that form in the micro regions being (i) located close to grain- and subgrain boundaries and (ii) characteristic of the concentration and magnetic inhomogeneities indicated by the appearance of a dark diffraction contrast at the electron diffraction patterns taken from these regions typical (at the same time) of an enhanced value of Curie temperature. The observed effects were connected with the micro distortions caused by the local change of lattice parameter because of an increase in nickel concentration, as well as in the result of a magnetostriction dilatation. Using methods of the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and atomic-probe body-section radiography (tomography – APT) has made it possible to determine the borders of those regions of austenite that were characteristic of an enhanced concentration of nickel in the fields of the localisation of a deformation-induced segregation of nickel in the vicinity of grain (subgrain) boundaries of austenitic alloys of the types Fe–13Cr–30Ni and Fe–37Ni–3Ti.     

Stereochemistry of seven-membered heterocycles: XLV. Highly diastereoselective addition of dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate to 2-substituted 1,3-dithiacyclohept-5-enes

Conformationally heterogeneous 2-substituted 1,3-dithiacyclohept-5-enes (R = Ph, Me, t-Bu), which exist in solution as chair and boat conformers, react with dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate with high exo-diastereoselectivity: only the chair conformer is involved. The steric structure of 4-methyl-3,5-dithia-9,10-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-7,10-diene was determined by X-ray analysis. Its crystal packing and supramolecular structure were also analyzed.     

Reaction of 1,5-diaryl-3-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones with urea,hydrazine, ethylenediamine,and <Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-phenylenediamine

With urea 1,5-diaryl-3-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones form the 3-amino derivatives of pyrrolones. In reactions with hydrazine hydrate and ethylenediamine the corresponding salts are formed. With ethylenediamine at 180–185°C the double salt of 3-hydroxy-4-methylsulfonyl-1,5-diphenyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one forms N,N′-di(4-methylsulfonyl-1,5-diphenyl-3-pyrrolin-2-on-3-yl)-ethylenediamine. The reaction with o-phenylenediamine gives 2,3-diaryl-4-methylsulfonylpyrrolo-[2,3-b]quinoxalines. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, 1631–1636, November, 2007.     

Molecular and crystal structure of 1,3,10,12-tetraoxa-6,7,15,16-tetrathiacyclooctadecane recovered from a polysulfide oligomer

Conclusions The geometric parameters of the molecules of the main cyclic-fraction component contained in a polysulfide oligomer synthesized from 2,2-dichlorodiethylformal were determined. The cyclic structure assigned to this compound according to mass spectrometric data was confirmed.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 338–340, February, 1988.The authors thank A. Kh. Plyamovatyi for-useful discussion of the present paper.     

Molecular structure of 2-dimethylamino-2-thioxo-6-methyl-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinane

A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated fromZhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 185–188, September–October, 1993.     

Reaction of 2-diethylamino-3-diethylaminomethyl-1,3,2-benzoxazaphospholine with hydroxyl-containing compounds

The reaction of 2-diethylamino-3-diethylaminomethyl-1,3,2-benzoxazaphospholine with functionally substituted alcohols and phenols occurs with the cleavage of exocyclic P-N bond followed by N→P migration of the diethylaminomethyl group and formation of imidophosphonate dimers. A similar reaction with polyhydroxy compounds (diethylene glycol, glycerol) results in symmetrical and asymmetrical spirophosphoranes. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1781–1784, October, 1993.     

Chloromethyl-, dichloromethyl-, and trichloromethyl-1,2,4-triazines and their 4-oxides: method for the synthesis and tele-substitution reactions with C-nucleophiles

A simple procedure was developed for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazines and their 4-oxides containing the ClCH₂, Cl₂CH, or CCl₃ group at position 3 by cyclization of 2-aryl-2-hydrazono-1-oximinoethanes with the corresponding chloroacetonitriles. The reaction pathway depends on the number of halogen atoms in the acetonitrile used. The reactions with trichloroacetonitrile, monochloroacetonitrile, and dichloroacetonitrile afford 3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-triazines, 3-chloromethyl-1,2,4-triazine 4-oxides, and a mixture of the corresponding dichloromethyltriazines and their 4-oxides, respectively. The reactions of 3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-triazines with indoles and phenols are accompanied by tele-substitution with elimination of halogen from the trichloromethyl group to give 5-indolyl- (or 5-hydroxyphenyl)-3-dichloromethyl-1,2,4-triazines.     

7,7-Dimethyl-2,10-epoxybicyclo[3.1.1]heptane. Synthesis,Structure, and Products of Epoxide Ring Cleavage

7,7-Dimethyl-2,10-epoxybicyclo[3.1.1]heptane obtained by treatment of (-)--pinene with peroxybenzimidic acid has configuration.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 2-phenyl-2-thiono-5,6-(4′,5′-dimethylbenzo)-1,3,2-dithiaphosphepine and 2-methoxy-2-oxo-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphepine

A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 75–80, September–October, 1990.     

Exploring CH-activation pathways in bifunctional zirconocene/borane systems

The dimethylsilanediyl-bridged ansa-zirconocene dichloride 1, that contains a pendent allyl substituent at a Cp-ring, adds HB(C(6)F(5))(2) to the vinyl group to yield the bifunctional zirconocene/borane complex 2. Substituted benzimidazoles were added to the strongly electrophilic borane moiety as protective groups, which allowed subsequent chloride versus -CH(2)SiMe(3) exchange at zirconium to take place by treatment with the respective alkyllithium reagent. Alternatively, the introduction of active sigma-ligands at zirconium is carried out first, followed by the hydroboration reaction. This route was followed for the synthesis of the diphenyl-ansa-zirconocene/borane complex 12. Complex 12 reacts slowly in solution by intramolecular electrophilic attack of the borane at its adjacent Cp-ring, followed by deprotonation using a [Zr]-Ph group to yield the zwitterionic complex 14 featuring a borata-tetrahydroindenyl moiety as part of the ansa-metallocene framework. Complex 14 was characterized by X-ray diffraction. It adds PMe(3) at zirconium to yield 15. Thermolysis of 12 with excess PMe(3) leads to the formation of the (aryne)zirconocene complex 18, which is stabilized by PMe(3) coordination to zirconium and PMe(3) addition to boron. N-Methylbenzimidazole adds to the -B(C(6)F(5))(2) unit of 12 to give the 1:1 adduct 19. Thermolysis of 19 at 80 degrees C in benzene solution in the presence of one additional equivalent of N-methylbenzimidazole results in deprotonation of the substrate to yield the sigma-N-methylbenzimidazolyl zirconium complex 20 (as a mixture of two diastereoisomers). An additional N-methylbenzimidazole ligand is bonded to the B(C(6)F(5))(2) unit in this product.