Results from Super-Kamiokande and K2K

Results from Super-Kamiokande-I’s entire 1496 live days of solar neutrino data are presented, including the absolute flux, energy spectrum, zenith angle (day/night) and seasonal variation. The possibility of MSW and vacuum oscillations is discussed in light of these results. Results from the first 1289 days of Super-K-I’s atmospheric neutrino analysis are also presented, including the evidence for ν_μ →ν _τ oscillations, against ν_μ → ν_sterile oscillations, and the current limits on proton decay. Finally, results based on 56 × 10¹⁹ protons on target are given for the K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment.     

Application of the least-squares method in the matrix form: simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of rifampicin and isoniazid in binary pharmaceutical formulations

A least-squares method in the matrix form is described for the simultaneous determination of rifampicin and isoniazid in a mixture. The method allows the rapid analysis of binary pharmaceutical formulations with minimum error. The concentration of each component in the mixture has been determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of the mixture at 5-nm intervals from 230 to 290 nm. To calculate the matrix of the proportionality constant a standard mixture was used for each component. All data analyses were performed on a personal computer.     

Tandem conjugate addition-α-alkylation of unsaturated amides. Synthetic methodology.

1,4-Addition of RLi, RMgX, and (RS) ₂CHLi reagents to unsaturated amides 2a-c followed by α-alkylation is shown to constitute a general and efficient synthetic procedure for the formation of two CC bonds in a single step.     

A Simple Alkylative 1,2-Carbonyl Transposition of Cyclohexenones

Acid catalysed dehydration of the diols 5 , derived from the cyclohexenone 3 affords mixtures of 8 and 11 . The product ratio 8/11 , although strongly dependent on both the reaction conditions and the substituent R, is independent of the diol configuration; this indicates a cationic intermediate 6 . Conditions were found, which allow the sequence A → B → C → D (Scheme 2) to be applied to the syntheses of the enones 8, 21 and 25 in fair to good yields from the corresponding cyclohexenones 3, 18 and 22 .     

Updating the effective range expansion of low-energyN \bar N-scattering

Low energyN¯N scattering is reanalyzed using the new data on annihilation cross-sections from CERN [1], the¯np-absorption measurement from BNL [2] and the annihilation width of the 2p state in antiprotonic hydrogen [3]. Imposing the condition that the imaginary part of the effective range is negative we find low energy scattering parameters which interpolate between the existing ITEP [4] and CERN/Heidelberg [5] values.Supported by the BMFT-grant 06 HD 756     

A Flexible Stereoselective Synthesis of the Spirosesquiterpenes (±)-β-Acorenol, (±)-β-Acoradiene, (±)-Acorenone-B and (±)-Acorenone via an Intramolecular Ene-Reaction

The racemic spirosesquiterpenes β-acorenol ( 1 ), β-acoradiene ( 2 ), acorenone-B ( 3 ) and acorenone ( 4 ) (Scheme 2) have been synthesized in a simple, flexible and highly stereoselective manner from the ester 5 . The key step (Schemes 3 and 4), an intramolecular thermal ene reaction of the 1,6-diene 6 , proceeded with 100% endo-selectivity to give the separable and interconvertible epimers 7a and 7b . Transformation of the ‘trans’-ester 7a to (±)- 1 and (±)- 2 via the enone 9 (Scheme 5) involved either a thermal retro-ene reaction 10 → 12 or, alternatively, an acid-catalysed elimination 11 → 13 + 14 followed by conversion to the 2-propanols 16 and 17 and their reduction with sodium in ammonia into 1 which was then dehydrated to 2 . The conversion of the ‘cis’-ester 7b to either 3 (Scheme 6) or 4 (Scheme 7) was accomplished by transforming firstly the carbethoxy group to an isopropyl group via 7b → 18 → 19 → 20 , oxidation of 20 to 21 , then alkylative 1,2-enone transposition 21 → 22 → 23 → 3 . By regioselective hydroboration and oxidation, the same precursor 20 gave a single ketone 25 which was subjected to the regioselective sulfenylation-alkylation-desulfenylation sequence 25 → 26 → 27 → 4 .     

Preparation, structural analysis and dielectric properties of Bi x La1−x FeO3 perovskite

Rare earth element substituted bismuth ferrites (BiFeO₃) are of enormous importance as magnetoelectric materials. The polycrystalline samples of Bi _x La_1−x FeO₃ (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) were prepared by solid-state reaction using standard ceramic method. The single-phase formation of these compounds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The samples with x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 are found to be orthorhombic while the sample with x=0.8 is triclinic. The dielectric constant (ε′) and dissipation factor (tan δ) were measured in the frequency range 100 Hz to 1 MHz at room temperature and as a function of temperature at certain fixed frequencies (1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz). All the samples showed dielectric dispersion. The dielectric constant with temperature shows a broad peak; the peak temperature shifts with frequency which reflects the relaxor-type behavior. The peak above 600 K in the measured temperature range corresponds to antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (Néel temperature). The broadness of the peak changes with composition. The ac conductivity as well as ε′ are found to be maximum for the sample x=0.2 at room temperature.     

Magnetoelectric effect in cobalt ferrite-barium titanate composites and their electrical properties

CoFe₂O₄-BaTiO₃ composites were prepared using conventional ceramic double sintering process with various compositions. Presence of two phases in the composites was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. The dc resistivity and thermoemf as a function of temperature in the temperature range 300 K to 600 K were measured. Variation of dielectric constant (ɛ′) with frequency in the range 100 Hz to 1 MHz and also with temperature at a fixed frequency of 1 kHz was studied. The ac conductivity was derived from dielectric constant (ɛ′) and loss tangent (tan δ). The nature of conduction is discussed on the basis of small polaron hopping model. The static value of magnetoelectric conversion factor has been studied as a function of magnetic field.     

Determination of antiproton-neutron amplitude from elastic¯p-deuteron scattering at 600 MeV/c

The elementary ¯p-neutron amplitude has been obtained from Glauber's model analysis of ¯p-d elastic scattering data at 600 MeV/c, taking into account theD-state component of the deuteron. The results are compared with the ¯p-nucleus analysis and the ¯NN potential model predictions.