Bio‐based nanocomposites from functionalized plant oils and layered silicate

Some discovery work was done on the synthesis of clay nanocomposites based on renewable plant oils. Functionalized triglycerides, such as acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, maleinized acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, and soybean oil pentaerythritol maleates, combined with styrene were used as the polymer matrix. The miscibility of these monomers and clay organomodifier was assessed by solubility parameters. The formation of nanocomposites was confirmed by both X‐ray data and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology showed a mix of intercalated and partially exfoliated sheets. The flexural modulus increased 30% at only 4 vol % clay content, but there was no significant effect on flexural strength, glass‐transition temperature, and thermal stability. Property enhancement was related to the degree of exfoliation that depends on both the polarity and flexibility of the monomers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1441–1450, 2004     

Damage and fracture evaluation of granular composite materials by digital image correlation method

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steelfiber reinforced concrete, sandstone and crystal-polymer composite. The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated. The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform (WT) coefficients of the transform spectrum. The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry, both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211 and 10072002), the Scientific Committee of Yunnan Province for the Program of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and the Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP at Mianyang     

鄱阳湖流域华溪蟹属DNA条形码

探讨DNA条形码分子标记作为华溪蟹属(Sinopotamon)淡水蟹类辅助分类工具的可行性。选取分布于鄱阳湖流域的6种华溪蟹属淡水蟹类78个样本,采用线粒体COI和16SrRNA基因片段以及ITS2核基因片段,作为分子标记,结合GenBank数据库中同属序列片段,经DNA提取、引物筛选、PCR扩增、产物纯化测序及测序数据处理和分析,在计算得到的遗传距离和所构建系统发生树进行华溪蟹DNA条形码标准基因的选择。在本实验涉及的淡水蟹类个体及类群的识别上,16SrRNA和ITS2基因片段不适宜作为DNA条形码标准基因,而COI基因片段结合GenBank部分华溪蟹属序列数据分析,可区分本次研究所涉及的75%的物种。以线粒体COI基因片段为DNA条形码标准序列,可作为华溪蟹属淡水蟹类物种鉴定的辅助分类工具。     

冲击荷载下C型G550冷弯钢的断裂机理研究

以C型G550薄壁冷弯钢构件为研究对象, 通过材料在不同应变率下的拉伸实验和数值模拟数据得到Johnson-Cook (J-C)本构模型和Johnson-Cook失效模型参数. 通过Abaqus软件模拟了不同冲击荷载作用下C型冷弯钢构件撕裂破坏的全过程, 利用落锤装置轴向冲击试验进行对比, 其实验结果与有限元数值模拟结果有良好的一致性. 此外, 对冲击试样撕裂断口进行微观形貌分析, 得到构件的断裂机理. 结果表明: 随着冲击速度的提高, 冲击力对构件的加载时间增加, 构件需要较大的塑性变形来吸收冲击能量; 冲击速度越高, 裂纹扩展功所占吸收冲击能量的比例越大, 显示出高速下裂纹扩展的能力越好; 冲击速度较高时, 以脆性断裂为主, 断口出现解理面, 甚至在高速变形时发生了绝热剪切破坏.     

受均布速度作用的有限板面导纳研究

针对接触面积上典型的激励形式,均布速度激励,推导有限薄板上面导纳的理论计算方法。在推导过程中,将接触面积离散为较小的子面积,连续分布的激励和响应简化为作用在子面积中心的激励和响应,再利用有效点导纳的定义,获得有限薄板受均布速度激励的面导纳的理论计算公式;根据接触面积上复功率与面导纳的关系,推导出由传递点导纳获得有限板面导纳的测量方法。通过比较理论计算结果和实验测量结果,证明两种方法可行。对计算结果进行的分析还表明,子面积数的增加可以提高理论计算的精度,而测量精度在激励频率较高时受测量装置产生的弯矩影响较大。     

An azo-isomerization-induced Freedericksz transition of a nematic liquid crystal

We observed an azo-isomerization-induced Freedericksz transition of the 5CB liquid crystal doped with 1% double-azo. In experiment, we found that the Freedericksz transition threshold occurred at optical intensity level of 0.3 mW/mm² for the 12.5 μm-thickness planar alignment doped 5CB, which is four orders of magnitude lower as that for the pure 5CB. Using optical phase retardation, we measured the relations between the Freedericksz transition threshold and the pump beam polarization. The maximum twist angle of liquid crystal molecules under different pump beam intensity is given. The experiment indicated that trans–cis isomerization plays an important role in the decrease of the Freedericksz transition threshold.     

A study on small-world brain functional networks altered by postherpetic neuralgia

Understanding the effect of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) pain on brain activity is important for clinical strategies. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to relate PHN pain to small-world properties of brain functional networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to construct functional brain networks of the subjects during the resting state. Sixteen patients with PHN pain and 16 (8 males, 8 females for both groups) age-matched controls were studied. The PHN patients exhibited decreased local efficiency along with non-significant changes of global efficiency in comparison with the healthy controls. Moreover, regional nodal efficiency was found to be significantly affected by PHN pain in the areas related to sense (postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus and thalamus), memory/affective processes (parahippocampal gyrus) and emotional activities (putamen). Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the nodal efficiency of putamen and pain intensity in PHN patients. Our results suggest that PHN modulates the local efficiency, and the small-world properties of brain networks may have potentials to objectively evaluate pain information in clinic.     

基于飞秒激光写制波导的PPKTP晶体倍频实验研究

在PPKTP晶体上进行了飞秒激光刻写波导的实验研究,优化了c-切PPKTP晶体中写制二型波导的工艺参数.当波导长度为10mm,宽度为14.5μm,准相位匹配波长为1064nm时,实现了单模传输.利用该波导对调QNd:YAG激光进行了准相位匹配倍频实验,实现的二次谐波转换效率为39.8%.     

Improved method for loss measurements in planar waveguides

A method employing an isosceles prism and a right-angle one is developed for loss measurement in planar waveguides. During the measuring process, the isosceles prism is fixed and the right-angle prism fixed on the waveguide slides by following the waveguide. Only by adjusting the gap thickness we can realize the loss measurement in planar waveguides. The method is demonstrated with an Ag/Na ion-exchanged waveguide fabricated on BK7 glass from AgNO₃ melt diluted with NaNO₃ (mass ratio 1:9), with the condition of 4 h and . The experimental results show that the method has the advantages on convenient operation, accurate results and no required end polishing.