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溶剂对钯催化的叔丁基乙炔低聚反应化学选择性的调控作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了溶剂对钯催化的叔丁基乙炔低聚反应化学选择性的调控作用. 反应可在苯-正丁醇双组分溶剂体系中顺利进行, 当双组分溶剂体系中苯占优势比例时, 反应发生递次的三分子炔烃顺式插入, 经由顺式s-烯钯中间体生成环三聚产物1,3,5-三叔丁基苯; 而当双组分溶剂中正丁醇组分上升至一定比例, 反应选择性生成(3Z,5Z)-2,2,7,7-四甲基-
3,6-二氯-3,5-辛二烯或(3Z,5Z)-2,2,7,7-四甲基-3,6-二溴-3,5-辛二烯, 这是由于正丁醇可显著加快C—Pd σ键的断裂, 并与叔丁基乙炔、σ-烯钯中间体形成弱氢键作用力, 同时也与Pd(II)和Cu(II)等离子存在配位效应. 在强极性质子溶剂H2O中, 反应生成偶联双炔: 2,2,7,7-四甲基-3,5-辛二炔. 文中就反应溶剂体系、钯铜催化剂及反应可能机理等分别进行了探讨. 相似文献
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C60-吡咯烷衍生物的合成及非线性光学性质的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过富勒烯C60与肌氨酸和有机醛化合物的1,3-偶极环加成反应, 获得了九种含不同有机功能基团的C60吡咯烷衍生物1~9, 用1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV-vis和FAB-MS进行了结构表征; 利用皮秒激光光源, 采用z扫描技术测定了分子的三阶非线性超极化率γ(3), 结果显示: 化合物3 (γ(3)=4.14×10-33 esu)具有最大的三阶非线性光学系数, 说明增加噻吩共轭链的长度, 使三阶非线性活性增加; 对具有相同共轭链的C60-噻吩吡咯烷衍生物(2, 5, 1和4), 吸电子取代基减小了三阶光学非线性活性, 给电子基增大了三阶光学非线性活性; 同时发现喹啉环2-位键联(7)比4-位(8)有更好的三阶光学非线性活性. 相似文献
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A new process for the Pd/Cu co-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes was developed. The reaction was carried out in aqueous media with sodium percarbonate as both a clean oxidant and a base. Meanwhile, a palladium complex immobilized on a synthetic PS-PEG400-PPh2 resin was used as the catalyst, which may be recovered by simple filtration and reused for several times with high activity. 相似文献
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在超临界二氧化碳中, 利用马来酸锌催化二氧化碳与环氧化物反应合成环状碳酸酯. 单独使用马来酸锌作为催化剂时, 对二氧化碳与环氧丙烷反应的催化活性较低, 而在DBU、DMAP、三乙胺、吡啶、咪唑或4-氨基吡啶等有机碱的存在下, 反应活性较高, 产物的收率得到明显提高. 有机碱作用的强弱顺序为DBU>Et3N>咪唑>4-氨基吡啶>DMAP>吡啶. 在压力为8 MPa, 温度110 ℃, 反应时间48 h条件下, 马来酸锌与DBU组成的二元催化系统可以催化二氧化碳与环氧丙烷反应, 得到83.4%产率的碳酸丙烯酯. 该二元系统也能催化其它环氧化物高产率地转化为相应的环状碳酸酯. 相似文献
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A general and efficient method for the synthesis of a wide range of amides is described here. The reactions were conducted under convenient conditions and provided secondary and tertiary amides in moderate to excellent yields. A variety of amines and substituted alkynyl bromides were used to investigate the scope of the reactions. 相似文献
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Product control of palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of terminal olefins with electron-withdrawing groups can be achieved through modifying reaction conditions. When the oxidant, such as CuCl2/O2, benzoquinone/O2 or O2, was present in scCO2, aerobic oxidation of terminal olefins goes smoothly. With enough MeOH and sufficient oxygen, acetalization preponderated over cyclotrimerization, while with little MeOH as co-solvent in scCO2 or no MeOH in DMF and an appropriate pressure of O2, cyclotrimerization of terminal olefins became the dominated reaction. When oxygen is absent and triethylamine was added into the reaction system, palladium-catalyzed C-N bond formation occurs to produce β-amino acid derivatives as the sole product. 相似文献