Cyano-bridged CuII-MV (M = Mo, W) bimetallic layered complexes exhibiting novel honeycomblike structures

Self-assembly of a new precursor [Cu(L)](ClO4)2 (1) (L = macrocyclic ligand) with octacyanometalates [M(CN)8]3- (M = Mo, W) produced two-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu(II)-M(V) bimetallic assemblies [Cu(L)]3n[M(CN)8]2n.6nH2O [M = Mo (2), W (3)] with novel honeycomblike structures, characterized by spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and magnetic measurements. The crystallographic determination reveals that compounds 2 and 3 are isostructural and crystallize in the triclinic system (P). The Cu atom in a distorted octahedral environment experiences a tetragonal elongation of apical nitrogen atoms exhibiting average Cu-Nax lengths of 2.566 Angstroms for 2 and 2.593 Angstroms for 3, which accounts for the Jahn-Teller effect of a Cu(II) ion. The Cu-NC angles are magnetically important, ranging from 135.7 to 159.2 degrees. Three types of L in the crystal lattice are observed, which are dependent on the relative positions of the pendant hydroxyl groups with respect to the CuN4 basal plane. The positions are correlated with hydrogen bonding of OH groups to neighboring atoms. The magnetic data indicate that ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between Cu(II) and M(V) through the CN linkage coexist.     

Non-aqueous spectrophotometric determination of citric acid

A non-aqueous spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of citric acid in the presence of carboxylic acids and lactic acid. The method was developed as a result of critical evaluation of the Furth-Herrmann color reaction in a non-aqueous pyridine-acetic anhydride solution. The optimum conditions are described. The absorbance is read at 389 ± 2 mμ. The minimum concentration of citric acid that can accurately be determined is about 2 μg per sample.     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of partially oriented clay platelets intercalated with copper(II) 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of powder and oriented films of montmorillonite, hectorite, and saponite intercalated with [Cu(cyclam)](2+) (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) exhibit three components: an orientation-dependent component without hyperfine features, an orientation-dependent component with hyperfine features, and an orientation-independent component without hyperfine feature. EPR spectra of [Cu(cyclam)](2+)-saponite, which exhibit only two components and the best resolved hyperfine features, were simulated. The spectra indicate that a large portion of the saponite platelets are inclined to the glass surface, although they tend to align with their basal planes parallel to the glass surface. The orientation-dependent spectra could be simulated by introducing a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 20 degrees for the inclination angle. The standard deviation may be used as a disorder parameter for the microcrystals assembled on glass plates. Spectral simulation also shows that the CuN(4) plane of [Cu(cyclam)](2+) is parallel to the clay layers. EPR spectra of some other partially oriented systems are also discussed.     

Trivalent atom contribution on solid-solid transformation of Ga13 polycation intercalated clay into sodalite investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Solid-solid transformation mechanism of Ga Keggin-type ion intercalated clay into sodalite has been clarified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-rayabsorption spectroscopy (XAS). To follow the structural evolution precisely by XANES and EXAFS, the XAS active element containing polycation [Ga13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ was intercalated into montmorillonite (MMT). FT-IR and XAS spectra confirm that the formation of sodalite framework is initiated by the delocalized rearrangement between silicate networks and collapsed interlayered Ga species, and is followed by the incorporation of Al in the octahedral sheet of clay (MMT). According to the XAS studies, it is found that the formation of Ga(Al)-O-Si species is strongly influenced by the trivalent cations, which are rapidly changed in the environment, followed by reaction with the silicate network of clay during the solid-solid transformation.     

Properties of a quasi-uniformly monotone operator and its application to the electromagnetic p-curl systems

In this paper we propose a new concept of quasi-uniform monotonicity weaker than the uniform monotonicity which has been developed in the study of nonlinear operator equation Au = b. We prove that if A is a quasi-uniformly monotone and hemi-continuous operator, then A^?1 is strictly monotone, bounded and continuous, and thus the Galerkin approximations converge. Also we show an application of a quasi-uniformly monotone and hemi-continuous operator to the proof of the well-posedness and convergence of Galerkin approximations to the solution of steady-state electromagnetic p-curl systems.

     

Quantitative determination of glucose in blood plasma by homonuclear proton decoupled water attenuation transverse relaxation Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (WATR-HDCPMG) NMR spectroscopy

Glucose in 5% D₂O/95% H₂O solution was successfully determined quantitatively by measurements of the ¹H NMR peak height (intensity) of the single peaks at δ(¹H) = 5.22 and 4.64 ppm corresponding to the α-D and the β-D-glucose spectrum, respectively. The single peaks were obtained from decoupling of the high field part of the AX spectrum of the α-D- or the β-D-glucose by incorporation of time shared homonuclear decoupling in the WATR-CPMG method (WATR-HDCPMG) without re-attenuation of the water peak. The method was applied to the determination of total glucose in blood plasma from human subjects undergoing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the teaching hospital. The results compared favorably with those obtained from the standard glucose oxidase method obtained in a hospital pathology laboratory. The accuracy of the results obtained using the WATR-HDCPMG method was within 3.5% of the glucose oxidation method.     

Microwave digestion of fish tissue for selenium determination by differential pulse polarography

In KIO(3)NH(3)NH(4)Cl medium, the selenium complex Se(O)SO(2-)(3), resulted from the reaction of selenite and sulphite in acid solution, gave a catalytic wave, which was applied to the determination of selenium in fish by differential pulse polarography. The sample was decomposed using the HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) digestion mixture in a closed PTFE digestion vessel with microwave heating. The detection limit was 0.06 mug/dm(3). The calibration curve was linear up to 8 mug/dm(3). Selenate present was reduced with hot hydrochloric acid to selenite. The recoveries of the selenite and selenate in two spiked samples investigated ranged from 91 to 104%. The NIES CRM No. 6 mussel was analyzed and the results obtained agreed well with the reference value (reference value: 1.5 mug/g; found: 1.43 +/- 0.05 mug/g). The results obtained by differential pulse polarography were in good agreement with those found by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.     

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Based on Extended 2,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles: Structure–Property Relationships,Variable‐Temperature Powder X‐ray Diffraction,and Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering Studies

A class of extended 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles R¹‐C₆H₄‐{OC₂N₂}‐C₆H₄‐R² (R¹=R²=C₁₀H₂₁O 1 a , p‐C₁₀H₂₁O‐C₆H₄‐C?C 3 a , p‐CH₃O‐C₆H₄‐C?C 3 b ; R¹=C₁₀H₂₁O, R²=CH₃O 1 b , (CH₃)₂N 1 c ; F 1 d ; R¹=C₁₀H₂₁O‐C₆H₄‐C?C, R²=C₁₀H₂₁O 2 a , CH₃O 2 b , (CH₃)₂N 2 c , F 2 d ) were prepared, and their liquid‐crystalline properties were examined. In CH₂Cl₂ solution, these compounds displayed a room‐temperature emission with λ_max at 340–471 nm and quantum yields of 0.73–0.97. Compounds 1 d , 2 a – 2 d , and 3 a exhibited various thermotropic mesophases (monotropic, enantiotropic nematic/smectic), which were examined by polarized‐light optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Structure determination by a direct‐space approach using simulated annealing or parallel tempering of the powder X‐ray diffraction data revealed distinctive crystal‐packing arrangements for mesogenic molecules 2 b and 3 a , leading to different nematic mesophase behavior, with 2 b being monotropic and 3 a enantiotropic in the narrow temperature range of 200–210 °C. The structural transitions associated with these crystalline solids and their mesophases were studied by variable‐temperature X‐ray diffractometry. Nondestructive phase transitions (crystal‐to‐crystal, crystal‐to‐mesophase, mesophase‐to‐liquid) were observed in the diffractograms of 1 b, 1 d , 2 b, 2 d , and 3 a measured at 25–200 °C. Powder X‐ray diffraction and small‐angle X‐ray scattering data revealed that the structure of the annealed solid residue 2 b reverted to its original crystal/molecular packing when the isotropic liquid was cooled to room temperature. Structure–property relationships within these mesomorphic solids are discussed in the context of their molecular structures and intermolecular interactions.