低进汽压力下超音速两相流升压特性实验研究

本文采用实验方法研究了进汽压力为0.2 MPa以下时,由蒸汽喷嘴、混合腔及相应的阀门和管道组成超音速汽液两相流升压加热装置的运行特性。实验表明在进汽压力为0.1 MPa-0.2 MPa时,超音速汽液两相流升压加热装置都可稳定可靠地运行,且升压效果明显,可满足电力、供暖、轻工等许多行业蒸汽加热的要求。     

Determination of Human Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) by Solid Substrate Room Temperature Phosphorescence Enzyme-Linked Immune Response Using Luminescent Nanoparticles

Luminescent nanoparticles of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) containing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) with a particle size of 20 nm were synthesized using the Sol–Gel method (abbreviated FITC–SiO₂). FITC–SiO₂ nanoparticles whose surfaces are modified (FITC–SiO₂–S–CH₂COOH) can emit strong and stable solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence (SS-RTP) on acetyl cellulose membranes. When the original color-producing agent (R) in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for determination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was substituted with (FITC–SiO₂–S–CH₂COOH), the system maintained good FITC–SiO₂ phosphorescence properties. Furthermore, the phosphorescence intensity enhanced markedly after the ELISA reaction. The relationship between the phosphorescence intensity and the content of AFP obeyed Beer’s law. Based on the facts stated above, a new method for the determination of human AFP by SS-RTP-ELISA (using the luminescent nanoparticle as marker) was established. The linear range of this method is 0.040–16.0 pg of human AFP per spot (sample volume: 0.40 μL spot⁻¹, corresponding concentration: 0.10–40.0 ng mL⁻¹). The regression equation of the working curve is ΔIp = −6.289+18.075 m_AFP (pg spot⁻¹) (r = 0.9960, n = 6). The detection limit (LD) of this method calculated by 3 S_b/k is 6.7 fg spot⁻¹ (corresponding concentration: 17 ng L⁻¹). Compared to the ELISA method using a traditional color-producing agent, the new method exhibited a 34.8 times higher sensitivity and a wider linear range. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of human AFP in serum.     

Determination of phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with Ce-Tween 20 chemiluminescence detection

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, resorcinol, phloroglucinol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and m-nitrophenol by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed. The procedure was based on the chemiluminescent enhancement by phenolic compounds of the cerium(IV)-Tween 20 system in a sulfuric acid medium. The separation was carried out with an isocratic elution or with a gradient elution using a mixture of methanol and 1.5% acetic acid. For six phenolic compounds, the detection limits (3σ) were in the range 1.40-5.02 ng/ml and the relative standard deviations (n=11) for the determination of 0.1 μg/ml compounds were in the range 1.9-2.9%. The CL reaction was well compatible with the mobile phase of HPLC, no baseline drift often occurred in HPLC-CL detection was observed with a gradient elution. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of salicylic acid and resorcinol in Dermatitis Clear Tincture and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in apple juices.     

深入理解化学平衡常数及其应用——对2019年全国理综(Ⅰ卷)化学第28题的分析

在已有的化学平衡常数教学的基础上,提出认知化学平衡常数的新角度--化学平衡常数的多种表达式。依据教材中用浓度表示的化学平衡常数并结合理想气体状态方程,推导用物质的量分数及分压表示的化学平衡常数表达式,分析3者之间的区别和联系,进而应用化学平衡常数的多种表达形式解决2019年全国(Ⅰ卷)化学第28题中的相关问题,使学生深入理解解答这道高考试题的关键所在。同时,拓展了学生对平衡常数的认识,提升了学生灵活应用平衡常数解决问题的能力。     

超微Ni(OH)2纳米粒子的合成及其对Li+的超高吸附性能

在葡萄糖水溶液中合成得到平均粒径为5 nm的α-Ni(OH)2超微纳米粒子。研究结果发现,在水溶液中葡萄糖浓度能够控制α-Ni(OH)2纳米粒子粒径的大小,我们对其中的原理进行了剖析。当没有葡萄糖存在时,合成得到的Ni(OH)2晶型为β型,且颗粒粒径尺寸分布为微米级别。另外,研究发现α-Ni(OH)2超微纳米粒子室温下对中性水溶液中Li^+具有较强的吸附性能,且这种吸附性能随粒径的减小而剧烈增大;粒径为5 nm的α-Ni(OH)2粒子对Li^+的最大吸附量为214 mg·g^-1(远大于文献报道的有关吸附剂对Li^+的吸附容量),而粒径为1μm的β-Ni(OH)2在相同条件下对Li^+的最大吸附量低于30 mg·g^-1。计算分析表明,Li^+在α-Ni(OH)2纳米粒子表面吸附满足Freundlich方程,符合层层吸附模型。     

Modeling of supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Calycopteris floribunda leaves

The aim of this study was to obtain flavonoids extracts from Calycopteris floribunda leaves using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO₂ and a co-solvent. Pachypodol, a potential anticancer drug lead compound separated from the extracts, was examined. Classical organic solvent extraction (CE) with ethanol was performed to evaluate the high pressure method. HPLC analysis was introduced to interpret the differences between SFE and CE extracts in terms of antioxidant activity and the concentration of pachypodol. SFE kinetics and mathematical modeling of the overall extraction curves (OEC) were investigated. Evaluation of the models against experimental data showed that the Sovová model performs the best. The supercritical fluid extraction process was optimized using a central composite design (CCD), where temperature and pressure were adjusted. The optimal conditions of SFE were: pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 35°C.     

电沉积法制备介孔TiO_2/CdS薄膜光电极

采用阴极恒电位沉积法,在介孔TiO2薄膜上制备了介孔TiO2/CdS薄膜光电极,用XRD,SEM,Raman,SPS和UV-Vis等多种手段对薄膜电极进行了表征.结果表明,CdS成功沉积到介孔TiO2的表面和孔道内,形成了异质结结构.通过光电流作用谱考察了该复合体薄膜电极的光电性能,结果表明,与单纯的介孔TiO2薄膜相比,其光电转换效率显著提高,这是由于CdS具有吸收可见光的特性以及CdS与介孔TiO2形成异质结从而使得光生载流子更容易分离的结果.     

Mm0.78Mg0.22Ni2.48Mn0.09Al0.23Co0.47储氢合金的表面改性

为了提高AB3型合金Mm_(0.78)Mg_(0.22)Ni_(2.48)Mn_(0.09)Al_(0.23)Co_(0.47)(Mm由82.3%La和17.7%Nd组成)的电化学性能,将石墨烯添加到合金中。通过XRD和SEM可以看出,石墨烯并没有改变合金的相结构,仅是简单地附在合金表面。当加入质量分数为2%的石墨烯时,合金电极的最大放电容量Cmax达到364.9 m Ah·g-1。石墨烯的添加加速了合金表面的电化学反应。     

液芯光纤中溶液吸收和荧光的性质对CS2受激拉曼散射阈值的影响

利用液芯光纤技术研究了不同浓度的β-Carotene的CS₂溶液的吸收与荧光的特性对CS₂的一、二阶Stokes谱线阈值的影响.实验发现随溶液浓度(10^-8—10^-6 mol/L)增加，CS₂的一阶Stokes谱线的激发阈值相对变高；并且与纯CS₂芯液的受激拉曼散射相比较，在低抽运能量激发下，就观察到CS₂的二阶Stokes谱线.这主要是由于在CS₂的受激拉曼谱线产生的过程中，β-Carotene的CS₂溶液的吸收和荧光共同影响了CS₂的一、二阶Stokes谱线的阈值.我们进行了理论上的拟合与分析，其结果与实验符合很好. 关键词： 2受激拉曼散射阈值')" href="#">CS₂受激拉曼散射阈值 液芯光纤 吸收与荧光     

Quantum Phase Transition and Ferromagnetic Spin Correlation in Parallel Double Quantum Dots

We investigate electronic transport through a parallel double quantum dot （DQD） system with strong on-site Coulomb interaction, as well as the interdot tunnelling. By applying numerical renormalization group method, the ground state of the system and the transmission probability at zero temperature are obtained. For a system of quantum dots with degenerate energy levels and small interdot tunnel coupling, the spin correlations between the DQDs is ferromagnetic, and the ground state of the system is a spin-1 triplet state. The linear conductance will reach the unitary limit （2e^2/h） due to the Kondo effect at low temperature. As the interdot tunnel coupling increases, there is a quantum phase transition from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic spin correlation in DQDs and the linear conductance is strongly suppressed.