Tips and Tricks for the Surface Engineering of Well-Ordered Morphologically Driven Silver-Based Nanomaterials

Particularly-shaped silver nanostructures are successfully applied in many scientific fields, such as nanotechnology, catalysis, (nano)engineering, optoelectronics, and sensing. In recent years, the production of shape-controlled silver-based nanostructures and the knowledge around this topic has grown significantly. Hence, on the basis of the most recent results reported in the literature, a critical analysis around the driving forces behind the synthesis of such nanostructures are proposed herein, pointing out the important role of surface-regulating agents in driving crystalline growth by favoring (or opposing) development along specific directions. Additionally, growth mechanisms of the different morphologies considered here are discussed in depth, and critical points highlighted.     

CuPc molecules adsorbed on Au(1 1 0)-(1 × 2): growth morphology and evolution of valence band states

We present the growth morphology, the long-range ordering, and the evolution of the valence band electronic states of ultrathin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) deposited on the Au(1 1 0)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface, as a function of the organic molecule coverage. The low energy electron diffraction patterns present a (5 × 3) reconstruction from the early adsorption stages. High-resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy data show the disappearance of the Au surface states related to the (1 × 2) reconstruction, and the presence of new electronic features related to the molecule-substrate interaction and to the CuPc molecular states. The CuPc highest occupied molecular orbital gradually emerges in the valence band, while the interface electronic states are quenched, upon increasing the coverage.     

Long‐range dependence and performance in telecom networks

Telecommunications systems have recently undergone significant innovations. These call for suitable statistical models that can properly describe the behaviour of the input traffic in a network. Here we use fractional Brownian motion (FBM) to model cumulative traffic network, thus taking into account the possible presence of long‐range dependence in the data. A Bayesian approach is devised in such a way that we are able to: (a) estimate the Hurst parameter H of the FBM; (b) estimate the overflow probability which is a parameter measuring the quality of service of a network: (c) develop a test for comparing the null hypothesis of long‐range dependence in the data versus the alternative of short‐range dependence. In order to achieve these inferential results, we elaborate an MCMC sampling scheme whose output enables us to obtain an approximation of the quantities of interest. An application to three real datasets, corresponding to three different levels of traffic, is finally considered. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A non-isothermal Ginzburg–Landau model in superconductivity: Existence,uniqueness and asymptotic behaviour

In this paper we study a Ginzburg–Landau model which describes the behaviour of a superconducting material including thermal effects. We extend the traditional formulation of the problem, by introducing the temperature as an additional state variable. Accordingly, together with the Gor’kov–Eliashberg system, we introduce an evolution equation for the absolute temperature. We examine in detail the case which allows only variations of the concentration of superconducting electrons and of the temperature, neglecting the electromagnetic field. For this problem existence and uniqueness of the solution are shown. Finally we analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions, proving that the system possesses a global attractor.     

Comparison between structural and residual error formulations of an optimum design mechanism problem

Summary The model formulation of the objective function is one of the most important steps for solving an optimization problem. Generally, the objective function of an optimal design mechanism problem can be mathematically formulated either with structural or residual errors. In this paper we have conducted some comparisons between the results obtained by the structural and residual error formulations utilized in solving the optimum design of a four-bar linkage. The optimization problem is defined as a nonlinear least-squares problem. The damped Gauss-Newton algorithm is utilized for computing the solution, which ensures a local convergence for almost all nonlinear least-squares problems.

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Sommario La formulazione matematica della funzione obiettivo è uno degli aspetti più delicati nella soluzione di un problema di ottimizzazione. Generalmente la funzione obiettivo di un problema di progettazione ottima di un meccanismo può essere formulata sia mediante l'errore strutturale che residuo. In questo lavoro sono stati eseguiti dei confronti tra i risultati ottenuti mediante le due precedenti formulazioni, in riferimento al problema della progettazione ottima di un quadrilatero articolato. Il problema di ottimizzazione viene definito come un problema nonlineare ai minimi quadrati la cui soluzione numerica è ottenuta mediante l'algoritmo damped di Gauss-Newton.

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This paper was partially discussed at theII Congegno di Meccanica Computazionale, Roma, 1987.     

Rapid detection and identification of liquid crystal states by light scattering

Thermotropic mesophases can be detected by the light scattering properties of these phases. This article deals with a rapid scan technique for the detection and characterization of these mesophases by measuring light scattering as a function of temperature. From the number of compounds studied it is apparent that the method allows for a rapid and reasonably precise determination of transition temperatures. In addition, the method is found to be useful in the characterization of mesophases, in particular the nematic phase.