分光光度法研究铝制品对水样溶出铝含量的影响

采用分光光度法,在pH为3-4的酸度条件下,以二甲酚橙为显色剂,快速检测水样中微量铝的含量.研究了不同情况下不同铝制品对水样溶出铝含量的影响.结果表明:水样在铝制品中放置时间越长,从铝制品中溶解出的铝越多,而且薄的铝制品中溶出的铝要比铝合金锅中溶出的多;当在水中加入一定量的食盐后,由铝制品中溶解出的铝含量明显增多.本方法简便快速,灵敏度高,对样品测定的结果令人满意.     

电化学方法检测DNA碳纳米管修饰电极

DNA;碳纳米管;修饰电极;硫堇;电化学指示剂     

亲水性聚硅氧烷改性天然乳胶的性能

以亲水性聚硅氧烷KGF-903共混改性天然乳胶,通过拉力试验、老化试验、接触角测量和扫描电子显微镜等研究了聚硅氧烷的添加量对天然乳胶力学性能、抗老化性能、亲水性能和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,KGF-903含量在1.5%时拉伸强度有最佳的改性效果;KGF-903添加量约为3%时断裂伸长率达到最大,老化前后的断裂伸长率比改性前分别提高57%和50%。随着KGF-903含量的增加,改性天然乳胶片的水接触角逐渐减小;扫描电子显微镜观察的结果表明,添加聚硅氧烷能改变乳胶的分散状态。利用小试的最佳配方(即KGF-903的添加量为1.5%)生产了2批次医用导尿管,其表面光洁度、导尿管球囊的成品率、管身硬度、连接器与导尿管排泄锥形接口所承受的拉力和充气漏斗与引流漏斗连接处所承受的拉力等均有显著的提高,有效改善了产品的质量。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of RE(III) Complexes with L-Isoleucine and 1,10-Phenanthroline

Six new ternary rare-earth (La, Eu, Sm, Nd, Y, Yb) complexes with L-isoleucine and 1,10-phenanthroline have been synthesized. Their compositions were characterized as RE(Ile)₃PhenCl₃ · 4H₂O (RE = La, Eu, Sm, Nd, Y, Yb; Ile = L-isoleucine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) by elemental analysis, EDTA titration, molar conductance measurement, UV spectra, FT-IR spectra, and TG-DTA. The average diameters of growth inhibition area and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the complexes were studied by disc diffusion method and dilution method in nutrient broth. The results showed that the ternary rare-earth complexes strongly exhibited the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and that their antibacterial effects were better than those of rare-earth chlorides, L-isoleucine, and 1,10-phenanthroline.     

单相ABO3型多铁材料的磁电耦合及磁电性质研究

实验发现多铁性钙钛矿物质YMnO3和BiMnO3在接近磁有序相变温度时,其介电常数和正切损失会出现异常,这些现象说明在物质的磁性和介电性质之间存在耦合.通过对系统磁性和铁电性之间可能磁电耦合方式的分析,考虑在系统哈密顿量中加入与自旋关联和极化相关的耦合项,对铁电子系统应用软模理论,对磁性运用基于海森伯模型的量子平均场近似,研究了外磁场诱导的极化、介电的变化和外电场诱导的磁化的变化等,并将以上结果与实验进行了比较和分析,较为合理地解释了一些多铁钙钛矿物质中的磁电现象.     

PCA-LVQ法及其在RS-FTIR大气环境监测数据处理中的应用

将主成分分析(PCA)用于遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱(Remote Sensing Fourier Transform Infrared:RS-FTIR)的特征提取,结合学习矢量量化(LVQ)神经网络,实现了PCA-LVQ对大气中的8组分混合体系进行快速定性分析的建模方法。并与单纯的LVQ神经网络、反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)得到的结果进行了比较。PCA-LVQ显示出较好的处理数据的能力,它不仅提高了运算速度,而且提高了模型的预测准确度,分类精度达到91.7%。PCA-LVQ的这一预测精度及运算速度,足以满足遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱对大气中有毒气体的实时、在线监测的需要。     

Fabrication, Characterization, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Activity Study of Silver Coated Gold Nanoparticulate Films

This paper reports a study on the preparation of Ag-clad Au colloidal monolayer films by a combination of colloid self-assembly and liquid phase microwave high-pressure technique. Firstly, monodisperse Au nanoparticles prepared by microwave heating method were assembled onto a quartz slide. Then, these Au colloidal particles on the quartz surface acted as seeds for growing the Ag-clad Au composite particulate films. The obtained particulate films were characterized by UV-Vis spectra and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the thickness of the shell and thus the size of particles in the composite colloidal films could be controlled by deposition of Ag on the preformed Au colloidal particle film in the microwave reaction system, and such films significantly increased the surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement （SERS） ability compared with Au colloidal particle films. Their strong enhancement ability may mainly stem from relatively large particle consisting of Ag cladding as well as effective coupling among particles in the Ag-clad Au particle ftlms.     

电解液中的乙二胺四甲叉膦酸对甲酸在炭载Pd催化剂上电氧化性能的影响

利用X射线能量色散(EDS)谱、X射线衍射(XRD)谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学等技术研究了在电解液中添加乙二胺四甲叉膦酸(EDTMP)对甲酸在Pd/C催化剂上电氧化性能的影响. 结果表明, 当EDTMP添加的浓度为0.5 mmol/L时, Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性最好. 这主要归结于吸附在Pd/C催化剂表面的EDTMP不但能通过基团效应降低CO的吸附量, 还能抑制Pd/C催化剂催化甲酸分解的速率, 从而减少了CO的毒化作用. 但当EDTMP的浓度大于0.5 mmol/L时, 吸附过多的EDTMP反而会占据Pd的活性位点, 降低催化作用.     

DNA与5-氟尿嘧啶相互作用的电化学和谱学研究

以电位控制共价组装法制得的DNA修饰电极为工作电极, 采用循环伏安和方波脉冲伏安法, 以亚甲蓝(MB)为电活性指示剂, 研究了非电活性抗癌药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)与DNA的相互作用, 还结合紫外-可见光谱进一步研究了这种相互作用. 循环伏安测试结果表明: 5-FU与DNA在电极表面反应的过程为可逆电化学反应-化学反应偶合(EC)过程. 当扫描速度较低时, EC反应是扩散控制过程; DNA与电活性物质MB通过静电吸附相互结合, 抗癌药物5-FU与DNA通过插入作用相互结合. 本研究对于遗传工程中以DNA为靶标的药物设计有重要的意义.     

炭载肌红蛋白作生物燃料电池阴极催化剂

生物燃料电池;肌红蛋白;阴极催化剂;活性炭;氧还原