Raman spectra of proton order of thin ice Ih film

The polarized Raman spectra of the upper part of a thin ice Ih film were obtained in the range of 150 cm⁻¹ to 3800 cm⁻¹. The spectra showed clear polarization dependence; several new peaks were also observed. The longitudinaloptic–tranverseoptic (LO–TO) splitting of the mode near 220 cm⁻¹ in the translational vibration region was experimentally confirmed at 133 K. The Fermi resonance between the bending overtone (around 3270 cm⁻¹) and symmetry stretching fundamental (around 3350 cm⁻¹) in the stretching vibration region appeared at nearly the same temperature. Results showed that ice XI (i.e. proton‐ordered phase of ice Ih) slowly formed in the upper part of a thin ice Ih film without KOH as the temperature gradually decreased below 133 K. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient electrochemical incineration of phenol on activated carbon fiber as a new type of particulates

The feasibility of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) used as a new type of particle electrodes in 3-dimensional (3D) electrode for the electrochemical degradation of phenol wastewater was investigated for the first time. The surface morphology, textual properties and electrochemical behaviors of ACF were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N₂-BET sorption and cyclic voltammograms (CVs), respectively. Compared with the commercialized granular activated carbon (GAC), ACF particle electrodes exhibited higher electrochemical oxidation performance on the mineralization of target pollutant. The identification of intermediates indicated most of oxidation products were adsorbed onto the ACFs. The detection of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the reaction system suggested that the reaction mechanism was direct anodic oxidation of pollutant on ACFs if the cathode did not contact the ACFs. The operative parameters including initial concentration of substrate, applied current density and the initial aqueous pH have been scientifically studied in search of the optimum condition. Based upon the obtained results, the ACFs longevity was tested in solution at pH 2.0, revealing relatively high electrooxidation capacity and long catalyst lifetime of ACFs in acid solution.     

希土硝酸盐冠醚配合物--Ⅸ.La(NO3)3·4H2O-NO2B15C5-CH3CN三元体系在25℃和15℃时溶解度的研究

改进了半微量相平衡研究方法,研究了La(NO_3)_3·4H_2O-NO_2B15C5-CH_3CN三元体系在25℃和15℃时的溶解度,测定了25℃各饱和溶液的折光率。结果表明,在该体系中只有一种计量配合物La(NO_3)_3·NO_2B15C5·4H_2O生成,该配合物的溶解度随温度的降低而减小,溶解度曲线覆盖的范围很大。利用不同方法获得了固态配合物La(NO_3)_3·NO_2B15C5·4H_2O。通过化学分析、紫外光度分析、红外光谱和差热与热重分析等研究了它的组成和性质,考查了它的水合度与后处理条件的关系。制得了二水合物La(NO_3)_3·NO_2B15C5·2H_2O及无水物。     

希土硝酸盐冠醚配合物的研究--X.Y(NO3)3·3H2O-18-冠-6-C2H5OH三元体系在25℃时溶解度的研究

利用改进的半微量相平衡方法研究了Y(NO₃)₃·3H₂O-18C6-C₂H₅NH(18C₆为18-冠-6)体系在25℃时溶解度,测定了各流相的折光率。结果指出只有一种化学计量的配合物[Y(NO₃)₃·18C6·3H₂O·C₂H₅OH]生成。考查了在相平衡过程中水的行为。经分离、洗涤、浓硫酸干燥器中恒重后,通过化学分析,确定了配合物的组成为:Y(NO₃)₃·18C6·3H₂O。用红外光谱、差热-热重分析研究了配合物的性质。并在常量情况下,研究了配合物的热失重情况。     

以水热法合成的水合氧化锆为载体的Pt／WO3-ZrO2上的正己烷异构化

通过水热法合成了一系列水合氧化锆,以之为载体采用浸渍法制备了Pt/WO3-ZrO2催化剂,考察了氢氧化锆的水热温度对Pt/WO3-ZrO2异构化活性的影响.通过X射线衍射、NH3程序升温脱附及H2程序升温还原表征了样品的晶相结构、酸性及还原性能.结果表明,水合氧化锆及以此为载体的催化剂的晶相结构均随着氢氧化锆水热温度的变化而变化,水热温度升高,四方相氧化锆比例下降.具有一定晶相结构的水合氧化锆为载体的催化剂具有较无定形氢氧化锆为载体的催化剂更多的强酸中心和更高的异构化催化活性.高的异构化活性可能与催化剂上更多的强酸中心有关。     

催化材料对病毒的吸附和灭活作用及对哺乳动物细胞的毒性

 提出了以吸附和催化原理灭活病毒的设想，旨在开发出对病毒有过滤、吸附及灭活作用的高效非特异性催化材料，应用于各种防护设施，有效控制非典型肺炎（SARS）的传播．采用与SARS病毒相似的副流感病毒作为模拟对象，进行了吸附及灭活该病毒的催化材料研究，并考察了催化材料对哺乳动物细胞的毒性．结果表明，病毒气溶胶的阻留及吸附结果与基于DNA吸附的色谱分析结果相一致；部分材料可以强烈地吸附病毒（100％），甚至在强烈振荡下并洗脱至第3次，病毒也不能脱附；一些材料不仅可以吸附病毒，而且强烈振荡后的洗脱液虽然表现出一定的血凝效价，但接种鸡胚后，病毒并不增殖，说明材料具有明显的催化病毒灭活性能；对细胞毒性极低的材料可以用在与人体接触的防护材料和设施中．筛选出的性能优异的催化材料，拟进一步考察其对SARS病毒的灭活作用．     

催化湿式氧化中铜基催化剂的流失与控制

 制备了催化湿式氧化处理有机废水用铜基催化剂，并用XRD，XRF和TG－DTG等手段对催化剂进行了表征，对催化剂及其前驱体的组成和结构进行了分析鉴定．结果表明，由类水滑石结构的前驱体焙烧得到的催化剂Cu－Al－Zn－O，其活性组分铜的流失得到了控制；在氧化降解苯酚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和磺基水杨酸时，在初始氧分压0．5MPa和160～220℃的反应条件下，催化剂活性组分铜的流失量小于0．3mg／L．对催化剂活性组分不易流失的原因进行了理论解释和计算．     

Simplified fabrication of high areal capacitance all-solid-state micro-supercapacitors based on graphene and MnO2 nanosheets

A universal simplified strategy was developed to fabricate all-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitors with high areal capacitance (~355 mF/cm²), based on interdigital patterned films of 2D pseudocapacitive MnO₂ nanosheets and electrochemically exfoliated graphene.     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定硝苯地平中痕量基因毒性杂质

建立了测定硝苯地平中基因毒性杂质2、6和12的超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS).样品以甲醇为溶剂,提取后直接进样分析.采用ACE EXCELTM 3 C18-AR色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1％甲酸水(65:35,v/v),等度洗...