酸性磷化合物萃取金属反应中取代基空间效应的分子力学研究

本文利用分子力学计算从理论上估算了酸性有机磷化合物萃取金属离子反应中取代基的空间效应。二烷基磷(膦)酸叔丁酯(Ⅱ)作为萃合物分子的近似模型结构。计算结果表明, 羟基氧在自由萃取剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ中的局部空间张力能之差与烷基的结构有密切的关系, 可近似地用来作为烷基空间效应的量度(E_(s,ex))。并用于一系列有机磷(膦)酸萃取Ni、Co为稀土的多元回归分析。结果表明, E_(s,ex)基本上反映了该萃取过程中的空间效应。     

一步法合成的FeOOH/黑磷纳米复合材料协同实现体系优异的析氧性能

通过水热法，在黑磷(BP)纳米片表面生长FeOOH纳米材料，制备出FeOOH/BP纳米复合材料。作为电化学析氧反应(OER)催化剂，该复合材料在20 mA·cm^-2时的过电位仅为191 mV，Tafel斜率为49.9 mV dec^-1；在循环1 000圈后，过电位仅仅增加了3 mV，且循环过程中元素价态不变，表现出优秀的稳定性。纳米FeOOH负载于BP表面，客观上能隔断氧气对BP的氧化，保护BP的载流子传导性能。同时，生长的FeOOH颗粒尺度小，结晶性弱，这有利于丰富其活性位点，增大活性面积。     

Surface and Interface Engineering for Advanced Nanofiltration Membranes

Nanofiltration has been attracting great attention in alleviating the global water crisis because of its high efficiency,mild operation,and strong adaptability.Over decades,it remains a challenge to break the upper limit of performance and establish the formation-structureproperty relationship for nanofiltration membranes.This feature article summarizes our recent progress in the preparation of high-performance thin-film composite(TFC)nanofiltration membranes,focusing on the mussel-inspired deposition method and the optimized interfacial polymerization(IP).By accelerating the oxidation of polydopamine and equilibrating the rate of aggregation and deposition processes,the mussel-inspired deposition method realizes the rapid and uniform formation of selective coatings or nanofilms.Diverse deposition systems endow the selective layer with rich chemical structures and easy post-functionalization,highlighting its potential in water treatment.As for optimizing the conventional IP,the rapid polycondensation of amine and acid chloride groups is slowed down to enable the controllability of IP at the water-organic interface.The homogeneity and integrity of the TFC membranes are improved by constructing a uniform reaction platform and introducing a viscous medium to control the amine diffusion,which facilitates the water permeability and promotes the separation efficiency.We have proposed a series of practical strategies for improving TFC membranes and might provide more inspiration for other nanofiltration techniques.     

2-羟基-4-(1′-甲庚氧基)苯烷酮肟的合成

具有邻位羟基的酮肟化合物(1)作为过渡金属螯合剂已在铜的萃取-电积工艺中得到广泛应用,如:LIX 64N(1a),LIX84(1b)及LIX 860(1c)。从萃取动力学行为来衡     

Bhabha散射中的完整电弱效应与标准模型的完美性问题

本文在电弱统一标准模型(SM)的理论框架中,对Bhabha散射问题作了全新的理论分析与深入研究.在具体研究方法上采用了量子场论微扰理论中的一种全新计算模式——重整化链图传播子理论,并应用到Bhabha散射的计算研究中.在SM中,本文需要考虑Bhabha散射内部过程的完整电弱作用效应,为此应寻求出由光子γ和中间玻色子Z0构成的复杂混合圈链图重整化传播子,然后利用这类传播子计算出Bhabha散射中由混合圈链图传播子传递完整电弱作用下的反应截面.这一理论计算结果与实验值在实验观测误差范围内吻合较好.本文这一重要研究结果不但从另一个侧面证实了SM理论描述电弱作用下的粒子反应的精确性;而且也暗示SM理论应该是一个十分完美的理论,理论终极预言的且被学术界长期特别关注的希格斯"神秘粒子"最终被寻找到的可能性应该是十分大的.     

Regioselective etherification of l,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol

During the etherification of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, the specific regioselectivity on 3- or 5-hydroxyl group was showed to be determined by the nature of the O- alkylating agents used. As demonstrated by MM and MNDO calculation, the regioselectivity of the reaction mentioned can be rationalized by steric and/or electronic effect.     

In-Situ Constructing A Heterogeneous Layer on Lithium Metal Anodes for Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition and High Li-ion Flux

Constructing efficient artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is extremely vital for the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a dense artificial SEI film, in which lithiophilic Zn/Li_xZn_y are uniformly but nonconsecutively dispersed in the consecutive Li⁺-conductors of Li_xSiO_y, Li₂O and LiOH, is constructed via the in situ reaction of layered zinc silicate nanosheets and Li. The consecutive Li⁺-conductors can promote the desolvation process of solvated-Li⁺ and regulate the transfer of lithium ions. The nonconsecutive lithiophilic metals are polarized by the internal electric field to boost the transfer of lithium ions, and lower the nucleation barrier. Therefore, a low polarization of ≈50 mV for 750 h at 2.0 mA cm⁻² in symmetric cells, and a high capacity retention of 99.2 % in full cells with a high lithium iron phosphate areal loading of ≈13 mg cm⁻² are achieved. This work offers new sights to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for efficient energy storage.     

The design and artificial realization of a controller of pulse coupling feedback

In this paper a controller of pulse coupling feedback (PCF) is designed to control chaotic systems. Control principles and the technique to select the feedback coefficients are introduced. This controller is theoretically studied with a three dimensional (3D) chaotic system. The artificial simulation results show that the chaotic system can be stabilized to different periodic orbits by using the PCF method, and the number of the periodic orbits are 2ⁿ× 3^mp (n and m are integers). Therefore, this control method is effective and practical.     

Magnetic-controllable Janus fibrous membranes with wind-resistant floatability for airflow-enhanced solar evaporation

Interfacial solar evaporation has been widely regarded as a promising pathway to desalinate seawater without secondary pollution and additional carbon emission. However, one of the challenges rarely considered is the floating stability and remote controllability of the evaporator in the face of wind and waves at the seawater surface. Herein, we demonstrate magnetic Janus membranes (MJMs) with remotely magnetic controllability and wind-resistant floatation for enhanced interfacial solar evaporation in airflow condition. These membranes are fabricated by sequential electrospinning of a hydrophobic Fe₃O₄-embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer and a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer. Due to the superparamagnetism of Fe₃O₄, our MJMs can be remotely manipulated by a magnet and can float in situ with the aid of a magnetic field, even facing the blast of airflow with a speed of 1.75 m/s. Moreover, the MJMs realize an enhanced vapor diffusion under airflow (v = 0.5 m/s) and show a water evaporation rate of 1.39 ± 0.06 kg∙m⁻²∙h⁻¹ under one sun, which is 40.4% higher than that in windless condition. This work provides a promising material solution with magnetic design for the practical offshore application of Janus membranes in interfacial solar evaporation.     

The wakefield and energy loss study of micro-bunch trains passing through plasmas

Particle-in-cell simulations are performed to study the wakefield and the energy loss of a train of micro-bunches passing through background plasmas. The wakefield and the energy loss are found to be directly connected to the interval of each micro-bunch. If the interval is once the length of the wakefield wavelength, the wakefield excited by each micro-bunch will be superimposed. The energy loss of the micro-bunch increases along the bunch train. On the other hand, if the interval is 1.5 times the length of the wakefield wavelength, the wakefield almost disappears. Micro-bunches on the odd position of the train will transfer their energies to the plasma, and then, these energies are absorbed by the subsequent even micro-bunches. Thus, the total energy loss of the train is greatly reduced.