The thermal decomposition of manganese(II) sulphite trihydrate

Thermal studies have shown that manganese(II) oxide and trimanganese tetroxide are the final decomposition products when manganese(II) sulphite trihydrate is heated in nitrogen and oxygen respectively. However, in each atmosphere, there are several decomposition routes involving the intermediate formation of manganese(II) sulphate and manganese(II) sulphide. The reactions can be summarized as follows:

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Zusammenfassung Thermische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, da\ Mangan(II)oxid und Trimangan-Tetroxid die Endprodukte der Zersetzung sind, wenn Mangan(II)sulfit Trihydrat in Stickstoff bzw. Sauerstoff erhitzt wird. In jeder der AtmosphÄren gibt es jedoch erschiedene Zersetzungswege, wobei vorübergehend Mangan(II)sulfat und Mangan(II)sulfid gebildet werden. Die Reaktionen können, wie folgt, zusammengefa\t werden:

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Résumé Les études thermiques montrent que l'oxyde de manganèse(II) et le tétroxyde de trimanganèse constituent les produits finaux de la décomposition du sulfite de manganèse(II) chauffé respectivement dans l'azote et dans l'oxygène. Cependant dans chacune de ces atmosphères, plusieurs chemins de décomposition peuvent Être suivis. Ils font intervenir la formation intermédiaire de sulfate de manganèse(II) et de sulfure de manganèse(II). Les réactions peuvent Être résumées comme suit:

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, , , , MnO Mn₃O₄. , , - (II). :

     

Collisional relaxation of ionic2 P 3/2 excited states in rare gases

Optical pumping with theD ₂ line is used to study the depolarization of the first excited² P _3/2 states of alkaline earth ions and Yb⁺ ions in collisions with rare gas atoms. The deorientation cross sections for the even isotopes of Ba⁺ and Yb⁺ ions are obtained (in units of 10^?16 cm²): rare gas He Ne Ar Kr Xeσ ₁ (Ba⁺ 6p ² P _3/2) 79(11) 89(13) 123(18) 152(22) 204(30)σ ₁ (Yb⁺ 6p ² P _3/2) 60(10) 62(9) 107(18) 133(17) 167(37) The cross sections are discussed in comparison with theoretical calculations and those of isoelectronic atoms. The comparison of the² P _3/2 relaxation of even and odd (I=3/2) isotopes of Ba⁺ allows to draw conclusions on the nature of the depolarization interaction.     

(n, γ)-Induced point defects in InP and InSb studied by β-radiation detected nuclear magnetic resonance

Polarized¹¹⁶In (I=1,T _1/2=14.1 s) nuclei were produced by capture of polarized thermal neutrons in undoped InP and InSb and in InSbTe single crystals. As a consequence of the nuclear reaction charged and paramagnetic point defects were produced with a rate of about 0.8 per absorbed neutron. Spin-lattice relaxation rates of the¹¹⁶In probe nuclei were measured at temperatures between 1.3 K and 90 K, as well as NMR line profiles and magnetic field dependences of the nuclear polarization up to 0.63 T. Electric field gradients, produced by the defects, could be determined, and defect induced additional relaxation processes were observed. Further, characteristic phonon frequencies and spin-phonon coupling constants for the undisturbed crystal lattices could be derived.     

Cross-relaxation processes of polarizedβ-active nuclei in various crystalline solids

Cross-processes of neutron activated, polarized nucleiI with surrounding stable host nucleiS are observed in diverse solids, using an in-beam NMR technique where the polarizedI nuclei are produced by capture of polarized thermal neutrons. The polarization is determined by measuring the 0°–180° asymmetry of the-decay radiation of these nuclei. The following cross-processes are studied:⁸Li–⁶Li in^natLi metal;⁸Li–⁷Li in⁷Li metal;⁸Li–⁶Li in^natLiF (single crystal);⁸Li–⁹³Nb in⁷LiNbO₃ (single crystal);²⁰F–¹⁹F in MgF₂ (single crystal). Two applications are presented: a) Determination of the temperature dependence of the electrical quadrupole coupling constant of⁹³Nb in LiNbO₃; b) Observation of radiation induced point defects in MgF₂ and their thermal annealing. All measurements are performed without any radiofrequency irradiation.     

The thermal decomposition of disodium propan-2-one-l,3-disulphonate

The thermal decomposition of disodium propan-2-one-1,3-disulphonate (NaO₃S.CH₂.CO.CH₂.SO₃Na) in atmospheres of both oxygen and nitrogen proceded by a complete molecular disruption with sodium sulphate or mixtures of sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate as the final residues. No organic compounds were detected in the volatile products.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung des Dinatriumpropan-2-on-l,3-disulfonats (NaO₃S.CH₂.CO.CH₂.SO₃Na) vollzog sich sowohl in Sauerstof-fals in Stickstoff-Atmosphäre unter vollständiger Zerstörung des Moleküls mit Natriumsulfat oder Mischungen von Natriumsulfat und Natriumcarbonat als Restprodukt. Unter den flüchtigen Produkten wurden keine organischen Verbindungen nachgewiesen.

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Résumé La décomposition thermique du disulfite de sodium 1,3 one 2 propane (NaO₃S. CH₂.CO.CH₂.SO₃Na) s'effectue avec disruption moléculaire complète et obtention de résidus constitués de sulfate de sodium ou de mélanges de sulfate de sodium et de carbonate de sodium, tant en atmosphère d'oxygène que d'azote. Aucun composé organique n'est détecté dans les produits volatils.

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--2--1,3- (NaO₃S. CH₂. CO. CH₂. SO₃Na) . .

     

A study of the use of microdialysis probes as a sampling unit in on-line bioprocess monitoring in conjunction with column liquid chromatography

Summary An automated on-line sampling and analytical set-up for the control of fermentations was studied incorporating a microdialysis probe as the sampling device. Applications to a penicillin broth and an ethanol fermentation were studied. Typical recovery values of carbohydrates were found to be close to 100% even after exposure of the microdialysis probe in the process for about 30 h.     

Solid state reactions between nickel(II) sulphide and oxides of manganese and iron

Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis have shown that, when nickel(II) sulphide and manganese or iron oxides are heated together, several reactions occur depending on the molar ratio of the reactants. Detailed examinations of these reactions have shown that there are a number of intermediate stages, including the formation of sulphates.

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Zusammenfassung Thermogravimetrie und Differentialthermoanalyse zeigen, daß bei gemeinsamer Erhitzen von Nickel(II)-Sulfid und Manganoder Eisenoxiden, in Abhängigkeit von dem Molarverhältnis der Reaktionspartner verschiedene Reaktionen stattfinden. Das eingehende Studium dieser Reaktionen zeigte das Auftreten einer Anzahl Zwischenstufen, darunter auch die Bildung von Sulfaten.

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Résumé On montre par thermogravimétrie et analyse thermique différentielle que plusieurs réactions peuvent se produire suivant les rapports molaires des constituants lorsque l'on chauffe du sulfure de nickel(II) avec des oxydes de manganèse ou de fer. L'étude détaillée de ces réactions a mis en évidence un certain nombre d'étapes intermédiaires, avec formation de sulfates.

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, (II) , . , , .

     

Neutron-detected tomography of impurity-seeded superfluid helium

We describe a neutron radiography technique that can be used to map the distribution of 3He impurities in liquid 4He, providing direct and quantitative access to underlying transport processes. Images reflecting finite normal- and superfluid-component 4He velocity fields are presented.     

Temperature-Dependent Diffusion Coefficients from 1D Raman Spectroscopy

A setup for the measurement of temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients has been developed based on 1D Raman spectroscopy. The presented setup was used to measure binary diffusion coefficients for mixtures of monoethanolamine + water, cyclohexane + toluene, and methanol + toluene for temperatures between T = 298.15 and 330.15 K. The experimental diffusion coefficients agree well with available literature data. For the mixture methanol + toluene, literature data was only found for T = 298.15 K. The novel setup was therefore used to determine temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients of methanol + toluene up to T = 328.15 K. The experimental data are also compared to a temperature correlation for diffusion coefficients in concentrated solutions. While the correlation describes the temperature dependence well for simple systems, measurement techniques remain indispensable for diffusion in complex mixtures.