Ultra-sensitive analysis based on electrochemistry,electrokinetic and magnetic preconcentration of analytes

Some of the challenges with detection of ultra-low concentrations of analytes are to achieve sufficient sensitivity of the measurement and to direct the analyte species to the sensor (electrode) surface. This review describes various strategies that are available to address these challenges: method of electrocatalytic amplification, electrochemical measurements performed in combination with electrokinetic preconcentration of analytes, ultra-sensitive analysis utilizing increased surface area and also the manipulation by the magnetic force.     

Forced viscosity anisotropy of polymers

For two-dimensional flow the viscosity of an anisotropic medium is determined by two quantities. In relation to polymer melts, one of these corresponds to the viscosity for tension in the direction of orientation and the other to viscosity for shear in planes parallel to the orientation. By solving the problem of the flow of such a medium in a plane convergent channel and making optical-polarization measurements we were able to observe and quantitatively describe this phenomenon.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 13–18, 1965     

Characterization of the chemical composition of archaeological glass finds from South-Eastern Bulgaria using PIXE, PIGE and ICP-AES

Using PIXE (proton induced X-ray emission), PIGE (proton induced gamma emission) and ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy) the concentrations of the 24 elements Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn and Zr in 53 archaeological glass samples from South-Eastern Bulgaria, were determined. The glasses are dated from the 1st to 6th century AD. The analytical data showed the samples to be typical soda-lime-silica glass, with natron as flux. A rather broad range of aluminium, titanium and iron impurities was found, with a tendency for more impure glass in the later periods. The decolouring agents were antimony and manganese oxides, with Sb prevailing in earlier, and Mn in later glass.