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Svilen Bobev Paul H. Tobash Joe D. Thompson John L. Sarrao 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(6):2091-2103
A number of rare-earth alumo-silicides (R-Al-Si) have been synthesized from the corresponding elements by high-temperature reactions, carried out in excess of aluminum to serve as a flux. Under these experimental conditions, large single crystals of all R-Al-Si ternary phases were readily produced. The crystal structures these ternaries adopt were studied by means of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and were classified as follows: (1) the early rare-earths (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) yield RAlxSi2−x, x∼1, non-stoichiometric ternary derivatives of the body-centered α-ThSi2-type; (2) the late rare-earths (R=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) form stoichiometric R2Al3Si2 compounds that crystallize in the C-centered monoclinic Y2Al3Si2-type; (3) the divalent Eu and Yb produce EuAl2Si2 and YbAl2Si2 with the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type, whereas the last lanthanide element, Lu, forms LuAlSi with C-centered orthorhombic YAlGe-type. These structural trends are reviewed, and the evolution of the basic physical properties such as magnetism, heat capacity and electrical resistivity when moving across the series is described in detail. 相似文献
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A sequential extraction procedure was used to study the changes in the physicochemical forms of americium (Am), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) in laboratory-contaminated Chernozem soil as a result of sharp variations of the environmental temperature and soil moisture. The influence of freezing and soil drought on the radio-ecological hazard was evaluated three months after radioactive contamination with aqueous solutions of 241Am, 234Th, and U. The subsequent changes in the physicochemical forms of the actinides, caused by sharp increases in the environmental temperature and soil moisture, were examined for one month. The data showed that continuous freezing increased the potentially mobile forms of Am and Th but had the opposite effect on U. Prolonged soil drought did not influence the fractionation of Am and Th but led to the redistribution of U between the carbonates and organic matter and caused its immobilisation. The sharp increase in the temperature of the frozen soil caused the immobilisation of Am and Th and increased the potential mobility of U. The warming and enhanced humidity of the dry soil led to the immobilisation of Am and redistribution of U between the soil phases. 相似文献
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Formation of transient Pd(III) species was established in the course of PdCL4
2−-bilirubin (BR) reaction in basic-water medium. Using the EPR method the formation of an octahedral low-spin PdL.2H2O complex was proved exhibiting an anisotropic 2-component EPR spectrum (g1=2.007 and gu=1.998) and effective magnetic moment μeff = 1.7 BM. 相似文献
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The surface diffusion of mercury atoms on tantalum substrate with and without high electric field was studied by means of a field emission microscope (Müller's). The activation energy during surface migration Qm of mercury atoms with and without an electric field F on tantalum substrate depending on the thickness of the adsorbate was measured. It is shown that the electron density distribution at coverage θ < 0.65 with adsorbate is due to a dipole momentum P. At θ > 0.65 the slope of the curves of QFm = ?(θ) is explained with the appearance of the effect of polarization. The energy of desorption Qd as a function of the thickness of the adsorbed layer in the temperature range 100–300 K was measured also. 相似文献
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We show that the entropy of fluctuating two-charge supertubes placed in three-charge scaling microstate solutions depends on their "effective" charges, which in strong magnetic fields can be much larger than their charges. This leads to a much larger entropy than one naively would expect. Since fluctuating supertubes source smooth geometries in certain duality frames, we propose that such an entropy enhancement mechanism might lead to a black-hole-like entropy coming entirely from configurations that are smooth and horizonless in the regime of parameters where the classical black hole exists. 相似文献
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Four new Zintl compounds, Ba21Cd4Sb18, Ba21Cd4Bi18, Sr21Cd4Bi18, and Eu21Cd4Bi18, have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Despite the similarity in their chemical formulas and regardless of their identical electronic requirements, the structures of the Ba compounds and the Sr and Eu compounds are subtly different. Due to the cations, a cleavage of a selected pnicogen-cadmium bond occurs and the structures adapt to a novel packing of the resultant heteronuclear anions. 相似文献
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Seven cadmium- and zinc-containing Zintl phases, A9Zn(4+x)Pn9 and A9Cd(4+x)Pn9 (0 < or = x < or = 0.5), A = Ca, Sr, Yb, Eu; Pn = Sb, Bi, have been synthesized, and their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pbam (no. 55, Z = 2), and their structures feature tetrahedra of the pnicogens, centered by the transition metal. The tetrahedra are not isolated but are connected through corner sharing to form ribbons, which are separated by the divalent cations. The occurrence of a small phase width and its variation across this family of compounds has been systematically studied by variable temperature crystallography, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and these results have been reconciled with electronic structure calculations performed using the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TB-LMTO-ASA) method. These analyses of the crystal and electronic structure indicate that the polyanionic subnetwork requires 19 additional electrons, whereas only 18 electrons are provided by the cations. Such apparent "electron deficiency" necessitates the presence of an interstitial atom in order for an optimal bonding to be achieved; however, an interplay between the sizes of the cations and anions and the total valence electron concentration (governed by the stoichiometry breadth) is suggested as a possible mechanism for achieving structure stability. The structural relationship between these and some known structures with two-dimensional layers are discussed as well. 相似文献