Hydrothermal synthesis and Magnetocaloric effect of La0.5Ca0.3Sr0.2MnO3

The hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic entropy change for the perovskite manganite La_0.5Ca_0.3Sr_0.2MnO₃ have been studied. The La_0.5Ca_0.3Sr_0.2MnO₃ can be produced as phase-pure, crystalline powders in one step from solutions of metal salts in aqueous potassium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 513 K in 72 h. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the materials are made up of cuboid-shaped particles in typical dimension of 4.0×2.5×1.6 μm. Heat treatment can improve the magnetocaloric effect for the hydrothermal sample. The maximum magnetic entropy change ΔS_M for the as-prepared sample is 0.88 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 315 K for a magnetic field change of 2.0 T. It increases to 1.52 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹, near its Curie temperature (317 K) by annealing the sample at 1473 K for 6 h. The hydrothermal synthesis method is a feasible route to prepare high-quality perovskite material for magnetic refrigeration application.     

Rod–coil block copolymers: An iterative synthetic approach via living free-radical procedures

A modular approach has been developed for the synthesis of rod–coil block copolymers involving the initial preparation of a macroinitiator based on the rod block followed by the growth of the coil segment with living free-radical procedures. The key feature of this strategy is the utilization of an alkoxyamine group from the beginning of the synthesis, which serves as a solubilizing group and ensures that each rod block contains a single initiating fragment. Using this approach permits block copolymers based on insoluble biphenyl ester oligomers to be conveniently prepared with coil segments that range from styrenes to acrylates to 1,3-dienes. The tendency of the rod segments to crystallize is strongly dependent on the weight fraction of the rod segment and the chemical nature of the coil segment. Rod–coil molecules containing at least 25–35 wt % polystyrene or poly(n-butyl acrylate) coil segments show a two-dimensional hexagonal arrangement of rod aggregates, as characterized by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Polyisoprene block copolymers exhibit a lamellar microstructure with short rigid domains in which the rod units lie in an interdigitated smectic C arrangement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3640–3656, 2003     

Novel photoswitching dithienylethenes with ferrocene units

Two novel dithienylethenes with ferrocene units were synthesized by Wittig reaction. The structure of 2a has been established by X‐ray diffraction studies. They could reversibly interconvert between two thermally stable forms, an open and a closed one, using light of different wavelengths as triggers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粘土粒径及形态结构对粘土胶性能的影响

用超声波和离心方法将３种来源不同的粘土样品按粒分径分级，测定各级分粒径比表面积和结构，并制备相应级分的粘土胶进行物理力学性能测试，结果表明，在一定范围内，粘土粒径的变化仅对粘土胶的某些力学性能产生物明显的影响，而粘土粒子以其独特的形态结构对粘土胶产生显著的补强作用。     

Multiphonon vibrational relaxation in liquids: should it lead to an exponential-gap law?

The profound differences between solids and liquids notwithstanding, high-frequency vibrational energy relaxation in liquids seems to be well described by assuming that the excess energy is being transferred into discrete overtones of some fundamental intermolecular vibrations-precisely the way it is in crystalline solids. In a solid-state context, this kind of analysis can be used to justify the observation that relaxation rates fall off exponentially with the energy being transferred. Liquids, however, have a substantial degree of disorder, causing their relevant intermolecular spectra to have correspondingly diffuse band edges and large bandwidths. It is therefore not at all obvious what should become of this exponential-gap-law phenomenology. We show in this paper how near exponential-gap-law behavior can still be derived for vibrational energy relaxation in liquids. To do so, we take advantage of the simple dynamics that the high-frequency relaxation has when it is launched from an individual instantaneous configuration. Interestingly, the physically relevant region turns out not to be true asymptotic limit of our formalism, but for realistic liquid parameters the behavior in the physical regime differs only slightly from an exact exponential-gap law and is strikingly independent of the details of the intermolecular spectra.     

Hyperfine structure of the 4f 7 (8 S 0) 6s 7 S 3 0 level in151,153Eu II by fast ion beam — laser spectroscopy

The hyperfine structure (hfs) of the level 4f ⁷(⁸ S ⁰) 6s ⁷ S ₃ ⁰ in^151,153Eu II has been measured with collinear fast ion beam — laser spectroscopy. The hfs of the⁷ S ₃ ⁰ level has been measured with interferometric methods previously but, to our knowledge, this is the first measurement with the laser ion beam technique. In the present experiment the hfs of the 4f ⁷(⁸ S ₇ ^2/0 ) 6p _1/2 levels were also obtained. Corresponding magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constantsA andB are evaluated.     

溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米铬酸锶镧的工艺研究

以硝酸镧、硝酸铬、硝酸锶为原料，乙二醇为分散剂，柠檬酸为胶溶剂，用溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米级的铬酸锶镧粉体。利用TG，DSC，XRD分析研究了粉料的晶化过程。利用HREM分析了煅烧温度、含锶量对粉料粒径的影响。研究表明，获得纳米晶的最佳烧结温度在800℃。随着锶掺杂量的增加，粉料的粒径逐渐变小。     

Photodissociation of Cycloketones by Ultraintense Femtosecond Laser Pulses

ThestudyofphotoionizationandphotodissociationprocessesinducedbyintensefemtosecondlaserpuIses(>lo"W/cm')withpolyatomicmoleculesbecomesofinterestbecausesomenewphenomenahavebeenobserved'-3.Sofar,mostoftheinvestigationsfocusontheexperimentalexplorationofphotoionizationprocesses'-'.Butthephotoionizationmechanismofpolyatomicmoleculesinanintensefslaserfieldisstillambiguous'.,.Incontrasttothephotoionizationprocesses,theunderstandingoffragmentationofmolecularionisevenpoorer.Corkumetal,'.,'reportedthef…