Copper and iron interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A study by fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry

Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高分子纳米材料与血浆蛋白的相互作用

由于纳米材料具有独特的物理和化学性能,使其在许多领域被广泛应用。纳米材料使用的日益增多要求我们仔细评估其难以预料的毒性（细胞毒性、溶血毒性、血液毒性和免疫毒性）和生物学相互作用。到目前为止,已有大量的研究旨在探索纳米材料与人的细胞或蛋白之间的相互作用,也取得了一些重要成果。在临床应用中,有些生物医用纳米材料常通过静脉注射、渗透、溶解和扩散等方式引入到血液组织中。血液是一种高度复杂的组织,主要由红细胞、白细胞、血小板和血浆组成。其中血浆是一个复杂的体液,它包含超过3700种不同的蛋白质。无论采用哪种方式,这些纳米材料将不可避免地会与丰富的血浆蛋白（或其他血液成分）发生某种联系和相互作用。然而,纳米材料和血浆蛋白之间的相互作用,可能在决定纳米材料的毒性方面起到至关重要的作用。目前对纳米材料与血浆蛋白（或其他血液成分）在分子水平会发生怎样的相互作用知之甚少。本文主要综述了典型的三类高分子纳米材料（包括聚阳离子,高分子胶束和药物（基因）/载体复合纳米粒子）与血浆蛋白的相互作用以及研究这些相互作用相关的分析技术的研究进展,这些内容对体内使用的纳米材料的分子设计和血液安全性非常重要。     

Fluorescence polarization anisotropy and kinetics of malachite green measured as a function of solvent viscosity

The fluorescence kinetics and polarization anisotropy of the triphenylmethane dye malachite green were measured as a function of solvent viscosity. The relationshp between the relaxation kinetics and the solvent viscosity was investigated in order to obtain information on the effect of enviromnental changes on the orientational order of dye molecules in solution. It was found that the fluorescence lifetimes follow an η^{$\text{2}\text{3}$} dependence for 1 < η < 60 P, η^{$\text{1}\text{2}$} dependence for 60 P < η < 1000 P and approach a constant for η > 1000 P. The dependence of the fluorescence decay rates on the solvent viscosity was fit to k = 5 × 10¹⁰η^{?$\text{2}\text{3}$} + 5 × 10⁸ s^?1. The fluorescence polarization anisotropy term, R(0), was also measured as a function of solvent viscosity. A marked decrease in R(0) was observed at a viscosity of 1000 P. For η < 1000 P, R(0) was found to be close to the expected value for a random distribution of molecules, 0.4; and for η > 3000 P, R(0) was measured to be ≈0.11. This small value of R(0) may indicate a nonrand The observed change of the polarization anisotropy with increasing viscosity indicates that the dye molecules become ordered at higher viscosities. This may arise through the formation of a long range order due to lack of rotational deexcitation of the malachite green dye molecules at high viscosities.     

Determination of loads applied perpendicularly to the outer boundary of a ring using coefficients of influence

A procedure is explained to determined the amount of several pairs of diametrical loads applied to the outside boundary of a ring when stresses at selected points of the inside or outside boundaries are known. Coefficients of influence are used, following an approach similar to the one presented in a previous paper. Examples of application are given and the possible increase in precision is shown when the number of points of measurements is larger than the number of loads to be determined.