STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF B CHROMOSOMES IN RYE

The morphological structure, classification and meiotic behaviour as well as the possible origin of the extra centric fragment produced after intercellular chromatin migration (cytomixis) in pollen mother cells during synizesis in rye have been studied by the squash and Giemsa·C-banding techniques. The results showed that the structures of extra centric fragments are metacentric, submetacentric, telocentric or subtelocentric, being quite different from each other. Their originations are stochastic, because any chromosome can be formed by the fragment. The meiotic behaviour of extra centric fragments is identical with that of B chromosomes. We consider that extra centric fragments are B chromosomes. The fragments originated from the fragmentation of A chromosomes at synizesis during cytomixis. Thus we consider that cytomixis could be one of the origins of B chromosomes.     

黑麦B染色体起源的研究

本文采用压片法和Giemsa C带技术,重点地研究了黑麦花粉母细胞凝线期染色质穿壁运动之后,所产生的额外的带着丝粒断片的形态结构、归属和细胞学行为,及其可能的来源。结果表明,额外的带着丝粒断片的结构各异,有中部着丝粒的、亚中部着丝粒的、端部或亚端部着丝粒的。它们的来源是随机的,任何染色体都有成为这种断片的可能性。额外的带着丝粒断片的细胞学行为与B染色体的行为一致。作者认为,额外的带着丝粒的断片就是B染色体,它们是凝线期染色质穿壁时由A染色体断裂而来,因此认为,细胞融合是B染色体的来源之一。