排序方式: 共有9条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
1
1.
2.
涉氚核设施在检修及退役时,其产生的氚化粒子容易被工作人员误吸入,并在呼吸系统的不同部位停留,部分尺寸较小的粒子可能在肺泡间质区(AI 区) 停留超过1 年的时间。氚粒子通过 衰变释放电子,在释放电子的同时以及释放的电子与周围原子相互作用还会分别产生出内、外轫致辐射,这些都会对人体肺部组织造成辐射损伤。本文采用蒙特卡罗程序PENELOPE 对多种氚化粒子在人体肺部组织中的吸收剂量进行了模拟计算,特别是讨论了氚 衰变的内轫致辐射的贡献。研究发现,电子辐射对人体肺泡产生的吸收剂量大于外、内轫致辐射,但后两者作用距离较长,对人体造成的影响重要;电子辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大以及金属原子序数的增大而减小;外轫致辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大而减小,随着金属原子序数的增大而增大;内轫致辐射吸收剂量随着粒子尺寸的增大以及金属原子序数的增大而减小。Some tritium relevant nuclear facilities, such as Tokamak, can produce tritiated particles. There is the possibility for the staffs to inhale the tritiated particles by accident in the process of maintenance or decommission of these facilities. Tritium decays to 3He, during which the beta electron and the internal bremsstrahlung are released. Meanwhile, the released electrons will interact with the surrounding atoms, and the external bremsstrahlung will be generated. All the electrons, internal bremsstrahlung and external bremsstrahlung will deposit the radiation energies to lung tissues and generate the radiation damage. In this paper we studied the radiation doses by inhaled tritiated particles in lung tissues by Monte Carlo code PENELOPE, in particular, internal bremsstrahlung contribution was included. Our results demonstrated that (1) the dose caused by electron radiation is far higher than those of external and internal bremsstrahlung, which however shall not be negligible due to their long-distance effects; (2) the dose caused by electron radiation decreases as the particle size and metal atomic number Z increase; (3) the dose caused by external bremsstrahlung decreases as the particle size increases, but increases as the metal Z increases; (4) the dose caused by internal bremsstrahlung decreases as the particle size and metal Z increase. 相似文献
3.
三维稀土配位聚合物[Ce2(H2btc)(btc)(H2O)2]n的水热合成与晶体结构 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
含有稀土元素的无机一有机配位聚合物因在光、电、磁及催化等方面具有潜在的应用价值而引起人们的关注.芳香多羧基有机配体在合成配位聚合物和多维超分子研究领域中扮演着重要角色.1,2,4,5-均苯四甲酸(H4btc)由于具有独特的配位能力(btc^4-最多可作为八齿配体)和空间特性, 相似文献
4.
氚分析在聚变堆与核技术的研究中有着广泛的应用。BIXS 技术(β 衰变诱发X射线谱技术)是一项无损的氚分析技术,该技术的分析深度对于高原子序数的材料能达到100 m,对低原子序数的材料能达到1 mm。在BIXS 技术中,采用金属薄膜作为β射线阻挡层具有排除极化韧致辐射干扰、减少探测器信号堆积等优点。为了研究多种β射线阻挡层材料对BIXS 技术的影响,利用Monte Carlo 方法PENELOPE 并行模拟程序分别模拟了采用Al、Au 金属薄膜和Ar 气作为β射线阻挡层的BIXS 技术,并使用GENEREG 反演程序对模拟结果进行反演计算及比较。还讨论了韧致辐射与特征X射线产额计算精度、韧致辐射谱倾斜对BIXS 技术的影响。研究表明Al 金属薄膜最适合用作BIXS 技术的β射线阻挡层。Tritium analysis has an extensive application in the study of fusion reactor and nuclear technology. β-decay induced X-ray spectroscopy (BIXS) is a nondestructive tritium analysis technique, and it can detect deeper tritium distributions (~0.1 mm and ~1 mm for high-Z materials and low-Z materials, respectively). In the BIXS method, a metal film as β-ray stopping layer has advantages of eliminating the interference of polarizational bremsstrahlung and reducing the detector’s signal pile-up. In order to study the effect of several β-ray stopping layers on the BIXS method, in this paper, we use the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE to simulate the BIXS experiments using Al, Au metal films and Ar gas as the β-ray stopping layers, and then use the regularization method to calculate and compare the results. In this paper, we also discuss the effects of accuracy of X-ray yield and bremsstrahlung spectrum incline on the BIXS method. The study in this paper indicates that the Al film is the best β-ray stopping layer in the BIXS method. 相似文献
5.
In order to study how to reliably perform quantitative tritium and helium analyses in thin film samples using enhanced proton backscattering(EPBS),several EPBS spectra for some samples consisting of non-RBS light elements(i.e.,T,4He,12C,16O,natSi),medium and heavy elements have been measured and analyzed using analytical SIMNRA and Monte Carlo-based CORTEO codes.The non-RBS cross sections needed in the CORTEO code are taken from the ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1 database and the calculations of SigmaCalc code and are incorporated into the CORTEO code.All non-RBS cross section data over the entire proton incident energy-scattering angle plane are obtained by interpolation.It is quantitatively observed that in EPBS analysis the multiple and plural scattering effects have little impact on the energy spectra for light elements and the RBS cross sections of light elements can be used in the SIMNRA code for dual scattering calculations.It is also observed that the results given by the CORTEO code are higher than the results of the SIMNRA code in the low energy part of EPBS spectra,and are in better agreement with the experimental data.Tritium and helium analyses in thin film samples using EPBS can be performed reliably when the multiple and plural scattering contributions are completely accounted. 相似文献
6.
应用太赫兹时域光谱系统(THz-TDS)获取了两种互为异构体的糖类D-(+)-葡萄糖和D-(-)-果糖的太赫兹吸收谱,发现D-(+)-葡萄糖和D-(-)-果糖在0.3~1.72 THz频段内太赫兹吸收峰位存在明显区别,可以由1.41和1.66 THz两个吸收峰位鉴别D-(+)-葡萄糖和D-(-)-果糖。为研究D-(+)-葡萄糖太赫兹光谱吸收峰形成机理,首先构建了D-(+)-葡萄糖的单分子构型,采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP泛函,利用Gaussian09完成对D-(+)-葡萄糖单分子构型的结构优化与频率计算。将量子化学计算结果与实验谱对比发现,基于D-(+)-葡萄糖单分子构型的量子化学计算结果与实验谱差异较大。然后构建了D-(+)-葡萄糖晶胞构型,采用广义梯度近似中的PBE泛函,利用CASTEP软件完成对D-(+)-葡萄糖晶胞构型的结构优化与频率计算。将量子化学计算结果与实验谱对比发现,基于D-(+)-葡萄糖晶胞构型的量子化学计算结果与实验谱较为吻合。D-(+)-葡萄糖晶胞构型量子化学计算时,因较为全面的考虑了分子间的氢键及范德华力的作用,说明D-(+)-葡萄糖在1.41 THz处吸收峰的形成为分子间弱相互作用。其次通过Materials Studio 2017软件指认了D-(+)-葡萄糖在1.41 THz吸收峰处的振转模式,发现D-(+)-葡萄糖在1.41 THz吸收峰主要是分子之间的相互作用,进一步说明D-(+)-葡萄糖在1.41 THz处的吸收峰主要是分子间的弱相互作用。在量子化学计算结果的基础上利用Multiwfn软件对D-(+)-葡萄糖晶胞进行RDG计算,利用VMD软件对D-(+)-葡萄糖晶胞中分子间的弱相互作用的类型、位置和强度进行可视化研究。研究结果表明,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术能够敏锐地感知糖类物质结构的细微变化,并能够正确鉴别其同分异构体。 相似文献
7.
以GEANT4为基础采用蒙特卡罗方法对能量为1 MeV的中子在锆 材料中的输运过程进行了模拟分析. 首先计算得出: 反冲核的能量主要分布在1 keV和15 keV之间, 中子和靶核发生两次弹性碰撞的平均空间距离为29.47 mm. 由于中子和靶核在发生连续两次弹性碰撞过程中产生的两个反冲核能量较低, 它们的空间距离又比较大, 由此可以推测出: 由初级离位原子产生的后续级联碰撞可以看做是一系列独立的子级联碰撞过程, 同时也计算了中子在靶材的不同深度区域内产生的反冲核数目和平均能量. 其次, 利用蒙卡方法计算得到的结果, 采用分子动力学方法, 分别计算了五种不同能量下的初级离位原子产生的级联碰撞情况, 给出了初级离位原子的能量与其产生的次级离位原子数目之间的关系以 及不同能量下的初级离位原子产生的损伤区域范围等情况, 通过蒙特卡罗方法和分子动力学方法的结合, 给出了能量为1 MeV的中子在锆材料中产生的初级辐照损伤分布图像.
关键词:
辐照损伤
级联碰撞
蒙特卡洛模拟
分子动力学 相似文献
8.
卤代芳烃类有机物是一类在环境中分布极其广泛,且对生物体具有强致癌性的一类物质.近年来,这类物质因其可能导致对人体健康以及生态系统的潜在环境风险而被公众日益关注.高级氧化过程(AOPs)作为一种“环境友好”的技术被越来越多地用于对这类高毒性且难降解有机物污染的土壤或水体进行修复.在最近的研究中,我们发现由高级氧化介导的持久性有机污染物如五氯酚以及其它卤代芳烃的降解过程中会产生内源性的化学发光,并且这种内源性的化学发光直接依赖于该过程中产生的极具活性的羟基自由基(·OH).我们认为该反应过程中生成了某种依赖于·OH形成的醌中间体以及激发态多羰基产物,正是它们导致了这种不同寻常的化学发光.在上述研究基础上,进一步开发出一种快速灵敏且简单有效的化学发光分析手段用于定量检测痕量的卤代芳烃,并将其成功应用于这些持久性有机污染物降解动力学的实时监测. 相似文献
9.
采用位置反馈和时滞位置反馈控制器对有阻尼数学摆系统的稳定性展开研究.结合Lyapunov函数方法和Lyapunov矩阵方法,分别建立了系统参数所满足的稳定性充分条件.最后,数值实例的仿真结果佐证了结论的有效性. 相似文献
1