物理有机化学

前言理论的基础是实践,又转过来为实践服务。这是马克思主义认识论的基本论题。总的来说,从与生产实践密切关连的有机化学的土壤中扎根和发展起来的物理有机化学(亦称理论有机化学)和生产实践、有机化学学科的关系,就是这样一种理论与实践的辩证关系。当然物理有机的研究本身也是科学实践的一部分。它已经成长为近代有机化学中一个十分活跃的部分。物理有机化学的概念和理论不仅指导并促进了有机化合物的合成与结构工作(指复杂或有争论的结构问题),同时又是高分子科学、分子生物学、生物有机化学(包括化学仿生学)、     

Influences of the Hydrophobicity of the Heme-binding Pocket on the Properties and Functions of Cytochrome b_5 Mutants

IntroductionElectrontransferreactionsarethekeystepsinphoto synthesis ,respirationandmanyotherbiochemicalprocess es.1Cytochromeb5isaredoxproteinexistingwidelyinnature ,whichactsasanelectron carrierduringvariouselectrontransferprocessesinthebiologicalsystem .2Cytochromeb5isamembraneproteinwithmolecularweightofapproximately 16kDa ,ofwhichthehydrophobicC terminaldomainanchorscytochromeb5tothemem brane ,andthehydrophilicN terminaldomaincontainshemeprostheticgroupandexhibitsthebiologicalfunctionsof…     

2',3'-O-二苯甲酰尿嘧啶核糖核苷U(BZ)~2单晶的制备和晶体结构测定

制备了2',3'-O-二苯甲酰基尿嘧啶核糖核苷U(BZ)~2,并在DMF溶液中培养得到单晶.单晶经X射线衍射测定,属三斜晶系,空间群为P1.晶胞参数a=5.734(1)A,b=10.124(3)A, C=11.905(3)A,α=73.07(2),β=84.36(2),γ=81.61(2),Z-1.用CAD-4四园仪收集衍射数据.用直接法解晶体结构,用块对角矩阵最小二乘法修正,对3154个独立反射.最终R=0.070.U(BZ)~2的碱基相对于糖环为β构型,两个苯甲酰基在空间上远离 5'-OH,使5'-OH周围空隙较大,因而苯甲酰基作为Ur的2',3'-羟基的保护基,对5'-OH的反应不存在立体障碍.     

五氟丙酰基苯甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦的晶体和分子结构

五氟丙酰基苯甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦的亚甲基上带有两个强的吸电子基团,属单斜晶系,空间群C2/C,晶胞参数α=11.271(3),b=18.253(6),c=23.938(7)A;β=91.09(2)°;Z=8.用四圆衍射仪收集X射线衍射强度数据,用直接法解晶体结构,用块对角矩阵最小二乘法进行结构修正,参与修正的可观测独立反射点共3146个.最终R=0.075.本文对该膦叶立德的结构进行了测定和讨论,并与已报道的相应的胂叶立德进行比较.叶立德碳原子C(1)与相应的胂叶立德相同,以sp~2杂化轨函参与σ键.P—C(1)键长1.748(5)A,键级1.60;而相应的胂叶立德中As—C(1)的键级1.46,表明前者的“ylene”型结构的贡献比后者大,导致前者的化学活性小于后者.在各种“ylide”型结构中,两者均以负电荷离域化的结构3贡献较大.     

天花粉蛋白分子的三维结构

本文报道了我们最近建立的单斜晶胞内一个不对称单元中两个天花粉蛋白分子的模型,指出蛋白分子结构可以划分为大小两个结构域以及二级结构的一些特点,描述了独立单元中以一种非对称方式相关联的两个蛋白分子的差异及其相互作用,并解释了重原子衍生物的结合位置。     

苯甲酰基五氟丙酰基亚甲基三苯基胂的晶体和分子结构

苯甲酰基五氟丙酰基亚甲基三苯基胂的亚甲基上带有两个强吸电子基团.由甲醇-水溶液中获得的该化合物单晶属三斜晶系,空间群为PI;晶胞参数a=12.292A,b=13.457A,c=15.318A,α=90.562°,β=90.516°,γ=92.82°;Ζ=4.用四圆衍射仪收集X射线衍射强度数据,用重原子法进行结构测定,用块对角矩阵阻尼最小二乘法进行结构修正.对8393个独立的可观测衍射点,最后的R因子为0.061.叶立德碳原子具有sp~2杂化的平面构型.As-C(1)键长为1.888A,比As=C双键长得多,也比已报道的其它胂叶立德的相应键长为长,表明“ylene”型结构的贡献较小.强吸电子基团的存在有利于负电荷的离域化,导致化学稳定性的增加.     

基于计算机模拟的拟糖三肽的设计与合成

基于噬菌体展示的结果,对三种拟糖多肽与葡糖淀粉酶的相互作用进行了分子动力学模拟．计算机模拟结果表明,多肽N-端碱性氨基酸残基可与酶的活性中心结合．在此基础上,设计并用液相法合成了3个三肽(RSA,KSA,RCA),用于制备与葡糖淀粉酶或α-淀粉酶的复合物的晶体．     

Proline-40 is Essential to Maintaining Cytochrome b_5''''s Stability and Its Electron Transfer with Cytochrome c

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｙｔｏｃｈｒｏｍｅｂ5(Ｃｙｔｂ5)ｉｓａｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ ｂｏｕｎｄｐｒｏ ｔｅｉｎ .Ｉｔｃａｎｂｅｐｒｏｔｅｏｌｙｚｅｄｔｏｙｉｅｌｄａｓｏｌｕｂｌｅ ,ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌｉｃｄｏｍａｉｎｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇａｎｏｎ ｃｏｖａｌｅｎｔｌｙｂｏｕｎｄｈｅｍｅｇｒｏｕｐ .Ｃｙｔｂ5ｉｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｗｉｔｈａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｃｙｔｏｃｈｒｏｍｅｃ (Ｃｙｔｃ) ,1 3 ｍｅｔｍｙｏ ｇｌｏｂｉｎ ,2 ｍｅｔｈｅｍｏｇｌｏ…     

Influences of the Hydrophobicity of the Heme－binding Pocket on the Properties and Functions of Cytochrome b5 Mutants

The mutation sites of the four mutants F35Y, P40V, V45E and V45Y of cytochrome b5 are located at the edge of the heme-binding pocket. The solvent accessible areas of the “pocket inte-rior“ of the four mutants and the wild-type cytochrome b5 have been calculated based on their crystal structures at high resolu-tion. The change in the hydrophobicity of the heme-binding pocket resulting from the mutation can be quantitatively de-scribed using the difference of the solvent accessible area of the “pocket interior“ of each mutant from that of the wild-type cy-tochrome b5. The influences of the hydrophobicity of the heme-binding pocket on the protein stability and redox potential are discussed.     

A DETERMINATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF TRICHOSANTHIN AT LOW RESOLUTION

Trichosanthin, extracted from a Chinese herb medicine, is a plant protein having a molec-ular weight of ca. 24,000 and containing 219 amino acid residues. The crystal is mono-clinic, belonging to the space group C2, with the following cell dimensions: a=75.64A, b=75.52A, c=88.85A β= 99.51°. Each asymmetric unit contains two such protein molecules. The UO_2Ac_2 and K_2Pt(NO_2)_4 derivatives of trichosanthin have been prepared by soakingin the respective solutions of high dilution. The joint probability of isomorphous replacementand anomalous scattering has been used to calculate the native phases. In the electron densitymaps, the boundary between the two protein molecules can be recognized, leading to thefollowing approximate molecular dimensions: 45×40×35A~3. Each molecule contains fourrod-shaped segments easily known as α-helices.