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Towards understanding the carbon trapping mechanism in copper by investigating the carbon-vacancy interaction 下载免费PDF全文
We propose a vacancy trapping mechanism for carbon-vacancy (C-V) complex formation in copper (Cu) according to the first-principles calculations of the energetics and kinetics of C-V interaction. Vacancy reduces charge density in its vicinity to induce C nucleation. A monovacancy is capable of trapping as many as four C atoms to form CnV (n=1,2,3,4) complexes. A single C atom prefers to interact with neighboring Cu at a vacancy with a trapping energy of 0.21 eV. With multiple C atoms added, they are preferred to bind with each other to form covalent-like bonds despite of the metallic Cu environment. For the CnV complexes, C2V is the major one due to its lowest average trapping energy (1.31 eV). Kinetically, the formation of the CnV complexes can be ascribed to the vacancy mechanism due to the lower activation energy barrier and the larger diffusion coefficient of vacancy than those of the interstitial C. 相似文献
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Role of helium in the sliding and mechanical properties of a vanadium grain boundary:A first-principles study 下载免费PDF全文
The effects of helium (He) on the sliding and mechanical properties of a vanadium (V) E5(310)/[001] grain boundary (GB) have been investigated using a first-principles method. It has been found that He was energetically favorable sitting at the GB region with a segregation energy of -0.27 eV, which was attributed to the special atomic configurations and charge density distributions of the GB. The maximal sliding energy barrier of the He-doped GB was calculated to be 1.73 J/m^2, 35% larger than that of the clean GB. This suggested that the presence of He would hinder the V GB mobility. Based on the thermodynamic criterion, the total energy calculations indicated that the embrittlement of V GB would be enhanced by He segregation. 相似文献
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为了实现对核酸的高灵敏度检测,构建了一种新型的液滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(dd PCR)芯片.该芯片由产生液滴的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)模块和储存液滴的玻璃腔室构成.实验结果表明,该芯片可以在25 min内产生2×106个直径为20μm的微液滴(体积4.187 p L).利用该芯片定量检测了表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因第19号外显子,在DNA浓度为106~101copies/μL范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9998);在浓度为106copies/μL的19号外显子野生型DNA中检测105~100copies/μL的突变型DNA,其检测敏感度可达到0.0001%.该方法在同一芯片上实现了液滴产生、核酸扩增和荧光信号读取的功能,在核酸绝对定量及痕量突变基因的检测中具有潜在应用前景. 相似文献
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数字PCR是继实时定量PCR之后新兴发展起来的一种绝对定量分析技术,广泛应用于疾病早期检测诊断和微生物检测分析等领域。然而,在数字PCR的微反应器检测环节,常规的光学检测方法需要复杂的光学设备,应用环境有限,成本高。因此研究了一种基于非接触电导检测的PCR液滴检测芯片,用电导检测取代传统的光学检测,有效降低了数字PCR结果读出系统的成本。通过优化电极结构与排布,采用三电极平行3D电极结构,减小了相对误差,提高了灵敏度,实现了无标记的PCR反应液滴阴性阳性比例检测。在DNA模板浓度为0.5×104~3×104 copies/μL内实现了良好的相关性(r2=0.998),检测通量可达100个/秒。 相似文献
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基于MEMS微加工技术设计和制作了一种集成微加热器和温度传感器的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)微芯片。PCR微芯片结构通过有限元模拟验证分析。该芯片在PCR扩增过程中具有良好的制热效率和热传递均匀性。在微型温度控制电路装置下进行热循环反应,芯片的温度起伏小于1℃/s,升降温速度分别达到5℃/s和3℃/s,30个热循环耗时30min。此系统已经用于GUS基因的扩增检测,获得了良好的结果,极大的缩短了热循环的时间,可用于微量生物样品的快速扩增检测。 相似文献
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Effects of H on Electronic Structure and Ideal Tensile Strength of W: A First-Principles Calculation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
We investigate the structure, energetics, and the ideal tensile strength of tungsten (W) with hydrogen (H) using a first-principles method. Both density of states (DOS) and the electron localization function (ELF) reveal the underlying physical mechanism that the tetrahedral interstitial H is the most energetically favorable. The firstprinciples computational tensile test (FPCTT) shows that the ideal tensile strength is 29.1 GPa at the strain of 14% along the [001] direction for the intrinsic W, while it decreases to 27.1 GPa at the strain of 12% when one impurity H atom is embedded into the bulk W. These results provide a useful reference to understand W as a plasma facing material in the nuclear fusion Tokamak. 相似文献
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