水-乙醇二元体系共沸混合物的热力学研究

用全自动低温绝热量热计测定了水、乙醇以及水和乙醇组成的共沸混合物在不同温区的摩尔热容Cp,m. 建立了共沸混合物Cp,m与温度T的函数关系.结果表明,水和乙醇组成的共沸混合物在98.496 K发生玻璃态转化,在158.939 K 和270.95 K发生固-液相变.获得了其相应的相变焓和相变熵.计算了以298.15 K为基准的该共沸混合物的热力学函数和超额热力学函数.     

稀土钬及铒钇丙氨酸配合物的量热与热分析研究

合成了两种固态稀土丙氨酸配合物[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6和[ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 (Ala为丙氨酸),用量热和热分析方法研究了这两种配合物的热力学性质.用全自动高精密绝热量热计测定了在78～377 K温区内的低温热容.对于[Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6,在214～255 K温区内发现一固-固相变,其相变温度为235.09 K.对于[ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6,在99～121 K温区内也发现一固-固相变,其相变温度为115.78 K. [Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6固-固相变焓为3.02 kJ• mol－1,相变熵为12.83 J•K－1•mol－1； [ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 固-固相变焓为1.96 kJ•mol－1,相变熵为16.90 J•K－1•mol－1.同时,用TG技术在40～800 ℃温区研究了两配合物的热稳定性.由TG/DTG曲线分析可知, [Ho2(Ala)4(H2O)8]Cl6从80 ℃到479 ℃热分解分两步完成, [ErY(Ala)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6从120 ℃到430 ℃热分解分三步完成.     

乙醇和甲苯组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of ethanol and toluene was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the azeotropic mixture were determined based on the heat capacity measurements. A glass transition at 103.350 K was found. A solid-solid phase transition at 127.282 K, two solid-liquid phase transitions at 153.612 and 160.584 K were observed, which correspond to the transition of metastable crystal to stable crystal of ethanol and the melting of ethanol and toluene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess ones of the mixture relative to the standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

纳米硫化铜颗粒自组装为球、空心球和线形结构

用水和乙二醇混合物为溶剂,应用溶剂热合成方法制备了由纳米颗粒自组装的球、空心球和线形结构的铜的硫化物,如 Cu7S4, Cu1.8S, Cu1.81S 和 Cu2S。 考查了溶剂组成（水含量的变化）、反应时间、实验温度的变化对所制备样品的形貌和物相结构的影响。研究了其形成机理。结果表明,随着反应时间的变化,首先形成纳米颗粒的铜的硫化物。通过自组装形成线形结构。最后转化为球形或空心球形结构。     

丙酮+环己烷+甲醇组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

Molar heat capacities of the pure samples of acetone,methanol and the azeotropic mixture composed of acetone,cyclohexane and methanol were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter from 78 to 320 K.The solid-solid andsolid-liquid phase transitions of the pure samples and the mixture were determined based on the curve of the heatcapacity with respect to temperature.The phase transitions took place at(126.16±0.68)and(178.96±1.47)K forthe sample of acetone,(157.79±0.95)and(175.93±0.95)K for methanol,which were corresponding to thesolid-solid and the solid-liquid phase transitions of the acetone and the methanol,respectively.And the phase tran-sitions occurred in the temperature ranges of 120 to 190 K and 278 to 280 K corresponding to the solid-solid andthe solid-liquid phase transitions of mixture of acetone,cyclohexane and methanol,respectively.The thermody-namic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature of 298.15K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heatcapacity with respect to temperature.     

微量量热法筛选抑菌特效药的研究

用微量最热计连续测定细菌代谢过程中的热显变化，可获得反映细菌代谢规律的完整的热谱图以按指数生长模型对指数生长期进行处理，可计算出细菌正常代谢的生长速率常数L’．若在培养基中加入合成药物，使细菌在药物抑制作用下生长，也可获得完整的热谱图，从而计算出在药物抑制作用下细菌的生长速率常数．本义对福氏志贺氏Zb菌和金黄色葡萄球莉在四种合成药物抑制作用下的热谱进行了测定，并计算了生长速率常数，找出了细菌生长速率常数与所用药物浓度之间的定量关系，可为筛选抑菌药物和确定用药显提供定量依据’1基本原理设细菌在代谢过…     

重铬酸钾晶体低温热容及热力学性质的研究

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了重铬酸钾晶体在100～390 K温区内的摩尔热容.实验结果表明在研究温度区间内重铬酸钾无相变和其它热反常现象发生,但其热容在不同的温度范围表现出不同的变化趋势.在100 K≤ T ≤ 275 K和350 K≤ T ≤390 K区间内,其热容随温度的升高明显增大,在275 K≤ T ≤350 K区间,其热容约为定值.将重铬酸钾摩尔热容实验值Cp,m(J•K－1•mol－1)拟合成温度T的多项式方程,在100 K≤ T ≤275 K,为Cp,m=0.0050T2－1.0320T＋125.22； 275 K≤ T ≤ 350 K,为Cp,m=209.37； 350 K≤ T ≤390 K,为Cp,m= 0.0266T2－18.823T＋3542.3.根据热力学函数关系式,从热容值计算出了298.15 K～ 400 K温区范围内每隔5 K的热力学函数值.     

Thermodynamic Investigation of the Azeotropic Mixture Composed of Water and Benzene

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of water and benzene was measured by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K. The phase transitions took place in the temperature range from 265.409 to 275.165 K and 275.165 to 279.399 K. The phase transition temperatures were determined to be 272.945 and 278.339 K, which were corresponding to the solid-liquid phase transitions of water and benzene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature 298.15 K were derived from the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

水与正丁醇二元体系最低共沸混合物的热容

Molar heat capacities of n-butanol and the azeotropic mixture in the binary system [water （x=0.716） plus n-butanol （x=0.284）] were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in a temperature range from 78 to 320 K. The functions of the heat capacity with respect to thermodynamic temperature were estabhshed for the azeotropic mixture. A glass transition was observed at （111.9±1.2） K. The phase transitions took place at （179.26±0.77） and （269.69±0.14） K corresponding to the solid-hquid phase transitions of n-butanol and water, respectively. The phase-transition enthalpy and entropy of water were calculated. A thermodynamic function of excess molar heat capacity with respect to temperature was estabhshed, which took account of physical mixing, destructions of self-association and cross-association for n-butanol and water, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic ones of the binary systems relative to 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity and the calculated excess heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

溶剂热合成法制备纳米颗粒自组装的线形和球形铜的硫化物

在130 ℃, 以水和乙二醇混合体系为溶剂, 无水硫酸铜和硫脲反应, 制备了不同物相结构和形貌的铜的硫化物. 通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射(SAED)及X射线衍射(XRD)等技术, 对所得产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 溶剂中水含量的变化对铜的硫化物的物相影响不明显, 但显著影响其形貌; 反应时间对其物相和形貌都产生影响. 并对其形成机理进行了探讨.