人工合成的酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸的生物活力测定

本文报道了用一种高灵敏度的方法测定人工合成的酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸(tRNA_y~(Ala))的生物活力。tRNA_y~(Ala)在大鼠肝氨酰基tRNA合成酶的催化下接受丙氨酸后,用操作简便而回收率较高的酒精沉淀法回收氨酰化产物,最后,在兔网织红细胞裂解液无细胞蛋白合成体系中,测定氨酰化产物中的丙氨酸转移到蛋白质中去的能力——参入活力。这方法不仅可以测定分离纯化的tRNA_y~(Ala)的活力,而且也可以测定经T_4RNA连接酶连接两个半分子后的反应混合物中产物tRNA_y~(Ala)的活力。利用这方法,已成功地测定了微至5—7 pmoles的人工全合成tRNA_y~(Ala)的接受活力和参入活力两组数据。测定结果表明,全合成tRNA_y~(Ala)的接受活力是天然分子的51.6—65.6％,是经拆合的天然分子的91.3—106.0％。其氨酰化产物中的[~3H]-Ala在兔网织红细胞裂解液中的利用率为61.6—63.1％,是天然分子的90.6—91.7％,是经拆合的天然分子的97.2—115.8％。     

ASSAY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC YEAST ALANINE TRANSFER RNA (tRNA_y~(Ala))

The biological activity of the synthetic tRNA_y~(Ala) was studied with an extremely sensitive method, tRNA_y~(Ala). accepted alanine in the presence of rat liver aminoacyl-tRNA_y~(Ala)-synthetase (this was called the accepting actvity). The aminoacylated tRNA_y~(Ala) was conveniently precipitated by ethanol with good recovery. The efficiency of transferring alanine from the aminoacylated tRNA_y~(Ala) into the protein was determined in in vitro rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free protein-synthesizing system (this was called the incorporation activity). Both accepting and incorporation activities could be determined in one assay with only 5-7 pmoles of tRNA_y~(Ala) either in ligation mixture or in purified form.Our results show that the accepting activities of the synthetic products were 51.6-65.6% and 91.3-106.0% of that of natural and reconstituted natural tRNA_y~(Ala) respectively. The efficiency of the incorporation of alanine in the aminoacylated tRNA_y~(Ala) into the protein was 61.6-63.1%, corresp     

酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸的人工全合成

本文报道采用有机合成与酶促合成相结合的方法,按照R.Holley等测定又经他人修正的一级结构,人工全合成了酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸(tRNA_y~(Ala))的工作。我们合成的tRNA_y~(Ala)与天然的tRNA_y~(Ala)具有相同的化学组成(含有全部修饰核苷酸)和结构,并有完整的生物活力,即在大鼠肝氨酰基tRNA合成酶的催化下,能接受丙氨酸,而且在兔网织红细胞裂解液体系中能将所携带的丙氨酸参入到蛋白质中去。在进行全合成以前,曾分别进行了两种人工半合成,即将天然的5′半分子与人工的3′半分子和人工的5′半分子与天然的3′半分子进行连接,都取得有生物活力的整分子tRNA_y~(Ala)。据我们了解,这是世界上第一次用人工方法合成的具有生物功能的核糖核酸。     

TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF YEAST ALANINE TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID

By a combination of chemical and enzymatic methods, small oligonucleotides with lengths varying from 2 to 8 nucleotides were synthesized from mononucleotides. The small oligonucleotides were then ligated with T_4 RNA ligase into six laxge ligonucleotides (9 to 19 nucleotides long) which were further ligated to form two half molecules with 35 and 41 nucleotides respectively, Finally, the two synthetic half molecules were annealed and ligated to obtain the whole molecule of yeast alanine tRNA (tRNA_y~(Ala)). Prior to this, two semi-syntheses were performed, i. e. ligation of the synthetic 5'-half molecule with the natural 3'-half molecule and that of the natural 5'-half molecule with the synthetic 3'-half molecule.