用NBS烟箱研究金属化合物在软PVC中的消烟作用

基于国内现有的原料和设备条件，通过ＮＢＳ烟箱测试的有关参数对软质ＰＶＣ体系中的几种金属化合物填料的抑烟、阻燃效果进行了较为的分析和研究，结果表明：ＡＴＨ的加入使得烟密度和生烟速率显降低，而且有效地推迟了发烟时间，ＣａＣＯ３不利于阻燃，但利于降烟，发因时间也得到一定程度的推迟，各种金属化合物对软ＰＶＣ体系的氧指数影响不大，对烟密度的影响差异很大，其中铜化物显出特别的优势，填料与金属化合物配合作用，     

甲基叔丁基醚、无水乙醇、碳酸二甲酯的致突变性

评价和比较了3种汽油增氧剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、无水乙醇(AE)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的致突变性.采用Ames实验研究3种汽油增氧剂的致突变性;采用小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验检测3种汽油增氧剂对小鼠睾丸染色体的致畸作用.Ames实验的阴性结果表明,在本实验条件下,未发现MTBE、AE、DMC具有致突变性.在小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验中,虽然实验结果为阴性,但随着MTBE剂量的增加,染色体分离有增加趋势,表明其可能存在遗传毒性.     

工业毒物对女工生殖危害的调查研究

为了解工业毒物对女工的生殖危害,对重庆市的制药、农药、化工、机械4种行业中的6个企业的已婚女工进行问卷调查.结果表明:接触组女工出现月经经期异常、周期异常、经期不适以及妊娠并发症的阳性率均显著高于对照组(P<0 05).接触组阴道炎、盆腔炎、宫颈炎患病率均高于对照组(P<0 05).接触组中工龄大于10a的妇科肿瘤发生率明显高于对照组(P<0 05).认为工业毒物可能致妇科疾病和妇科肿瘤.     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

Chemical composition of PM_(2.5) during winter in Tianjin,China

PM2.5 samples for 24 h were collected during winter in Tianjin,China. The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined. Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatog-raphy,while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reectance(TOR) method,and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spec-trometer. The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 g/m3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 g/m3. ...     

污染带随机扩散模型的应用—长江污染带预测

本文探讨了对流扩散基本微分方程与微观微粒群运动、宏观紊流随饥扩散理论的内在联系,给出了半经验、半理论的关系和修正值的论据;将长江污染带随机扩散模型与感潮河段传输机理以及互不相容事件的概率之和等概念结合起来,合理地解决了感潮河流中污染带浓度预测问题.实测数据验证了上述结论.     

简论水淹略阳县城的山洪灾害

陕西南部的略阳县城,在1981～1990年间三次被淹,频度之高,危害之大是本县历史上所没有的。本文认为这是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,建议在嘉陵江主要支流上修建具有蓄水、发电、灌溉综合效益的控水工程,配合生物措施和加强河道管理,根治水淹县城的山洪灾害,减轻生命财产的损失。     

[Mn(CHZ)_3](ClO_4)_2的极谱伏安行为研究

以硼酸缓冲溶液和氨水缓冲溶液的混合溶液为底液,使用示差脉冲法(DP)、方波法(SqW)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了在不同pH值条件下[Mn(CHZ)3](ClO4)2的极谱伏安行为(CHZ:碳酰肼)。实验结果表明,[Mn(CHZ)3](ClO4)2在电极表面具有吸附性,在DP和SqW方法中峰电位与pH值呈线性关系;而在CV法中峰电位则不受pH值的影响。极谱伏安法适合于该配合物的检测,并且具有灵敏度高、操作简单、快速等优点。     

钛钒铁间吸收增强效应研究及其校正

利用X射线荧光分析方法,采用电制冷Sic(PIN)探测器,对配制的Ti-V,Ti-Fe,V-Fe三种伪二元体系样品进行测量,得到了元素计数率归一系数(RK)与含最(WK)之间的关系曲线,对各组元素间的吸收-增强效应程度进行了定性分析.结果表明,Ti-V二元系中所表现的吸收增强效应较明显,Ti-Fe,V-Fe两种二元系中吸收增强现象不明显.同时,采用指数拟合的数学校正方法,对RK-WK关系曲线进行了拟合,从而获得元素X射线荧光计数率与含垦的函数方程.利用三组Ti-V二元系样品对此方法进行检验,与实际结果相比,对Ti,V元素的相对分析误差均在0.2%以内.     

微量-乙胺示波极谱测定

本文研究了碱性介质中一乙胺和对硝基苯胺重氮盐所形成偶氮化合物的极谱行为,并建立了微量一乙胺极谱测定方法。该法灵敏度高,对一乙胺的选择性好,可用于水、空气中微量一乙胺的直接测定,结果满意。