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Arndt Meier Aaron Goldman Thomas M. Stephen Nicholas B. Jones 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2004,83(1):109-113
High-resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra are routinely recorded at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) stations. These data sets play a key role in providing a long-term record of atmospheric composition and their links to climate change. The analysis of observed infrared spectra involves comparison to a computer-modeled atmosphere where knowledge of the air mass distribution is an essential component. This note summarises improvements made to an existing and widely used computer code (FSCATM) to perform refractive ray-tracing and calculation of the air mass distribution. Changes were made towards higher vertical resolution in the troposphere and increased numerical precision. The revised FSCATM improves the analysis of infrared spectra mostly through the more accurate representation of the temperature profile. Air mass differences with respect to earlier versions are documented and are typically <0.7%, exceptions being extreme cases of inversion layers. The current version provides ray tracing and air mass calculations for any terrestrial observation site. The output files are reported in a format compatible with the SFIT and SFIT2 retrieval algorithms, which are widely used for NDSC infrared atmospheric studies. The improved computer code, documentation, reference profiles, and test cases are available electronically. 相似文献
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Product integration rules generalizing the Fej?r, Clenshaw-Curtis,and Filippi quadrature rules respectively are derived for integralswith trigonometric and hyperbolic weight factors. The Chebyshevmoments of the weight functions are found to be given by well-conditionedexpressions, in terms of hypergeometric functions 0F1. An a priori error estimator is discussed which is shown bothto avoid wasteful invocation of the integration rule and toincrease significantly the robustness of the automatic quadratureprocedure. Then, specializing to extended Clenshaw-Curtis (ECC) rules,three types of a posteriori error estimates are considered andthe existence of a great risk of their failure is demonstratedby large scale validation tests. An empirical error estimator,superseding them for slowly varying integrands, is found toresult in a spectacular increase in the output reliability. Finally, enhancements in the control of the interval subdivisionstrategy aiming at increasing code robustness is discussed.Comparison with the code DQAWO of QUADPACK, with about a hundredthousand solved integrals, is illustrative of the increasedrobustness and error estimate reliability of our computer codeimplementation of the ECC rules. 相似文献
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The germ of an analytic varietyX at a pointxX is said to bequadratic if it is bi-analytically isomorphic to the germ of a cone defined by a system of homogeneous quadratic equations at the origin. Arms, Marsden and Moncrief show in [2] that under certain conditions the analytic germ of a level set of a momentum mapping is quadratic. We discuss related ideas in a more algebraic context by associating to an affine Hamiltonian action a differential graded Lie algebra, which in the presence of an invariant positive complex structure, is formal in the sence of [5].Dedicated to the memory of Bruce Reinhart 相似文献
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Ellen R. Goldman Igor L. Medintz George P. Anderson Brent L. Iverson George Georgiou Hedi Mattoussi 《Analytica chimica acta》2005,534(1):63-67
We report a simple and versatile approach for the conjugation of luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) to proteins through coordination of engineered C-terminal oligohistidine sequences. Several histidine tail containing proteins were self-assembled onto the QD surface using this method. A recombinant antibody specific for the high explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was conjugated to QDs through a carboxy terminal histidine tail and the bioconjugate used to detect TNT by competitive immunoassay. TNT was detected over the range of 10 μg/ml down to 41 ng/ml using the scFv conjugated to QDs. These results open up the possibility to conjugate luminescent QDs to a whole range of proteins to form QD bioconjugates that can be effectively used in bio-oriented applications, such as sensing, imaging, immunoassay and other diagnostics. 相似文献